Chapter 3.8, Problem 16PPS

To determine

To graph the function $g(x)=\left|x\right|-3$ and determine its domain and range and its relation with the graph of the function $f(x)=\left|x\right|$ .

Answer to Problem 16PPS

Domain: $x\in ℝ$

Range: $y\in \left[-3,\infty \right)$

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Function: $g(x)=\left|x\right|-3$

Concept used:

The general form of an absolute value function is $f(x)=a\left|x-h\right|+k$ .

The graph of $f(x)=a\left|x-h\right|+k$ is a “V” with vertex $\left(h,k\right)$ , slope $m=a$ on the right side of the vertex $\left(x>h\right)$ and slope $m=-a$ on the left side of the vertex $\left(x<h\right)$ . The graph of $f(x)=-a\left|x-h\right|+k$ is an upside-down “V” with vertex $\left(h,k\right)$ , slope $m=-a$ for $\left(x>h\right)$ and slope $m=a$ for $\left(x<h\right)$ .

Calculation for graph:

Consider $g(x)=\left|x\right|-3,$

Compare with the general form:

  $g(x)=a\left|x-h\right|+k$

Here, the value of $a=1$ , so the graph opens upwards with a slope of $1$ .

The value of $h=0$ and the value of $k=-3$ , so the vertex of the graph is $\left(0,-3\right)$ .

Values of x	Values of g (x)
0	$-3$
1	$-2$
-1	$-2$
2	$-1$
-2	$-1$

By taking different values of x , the graph can be plotted.

Graph:

The graph of $g(x)=\left|x\right|-3$ :

  

Interpretation:

From the graph, it can be observed that the horizontal extent of the graph is from $-\infty$ to $\infty$ , so the domain of $g(x)$ is $\left(-\infty ,\infty \right)$ .

The vertical extent of the graph is from $-3$ to $\infty$ , so the range of $g(x)$ is $\left[-3,\infty \right)$ .

Comparison:

Now, comparing the graph of $g(x)$ with the graph of $f(x)=\left|x\right|$ .

Graph of $f(x)=\left|x\right|:$

  

The domain of both the graphs is $\left(-\infty ,\infty \right)$ .

Therefore, both the graphs have same domain.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the domain of $g(x)=\left|x\right|-3$ is $x\in ℝ$ and range is $y\in \left[-3,\infty \right)$ .