Chapter 3.5, Problem 19PPS

To determine

To find: Translation of given equation relating to graph of $f\left(x\right)=x$ .

Answer to Problem 19PPS

The graph $f\left(x\right)=x$ is vertical shift and it moves 3 units upwards to get $g\left(x\right)=x+3$ .

Explanation of Solution

Given information:

  $f\left(x\right)=x$

  $g\left(x\right)=x+3$

Concept:

A Translation is a movement of the graph either horizontally parallel to x-axis or vertically parallel to y-axis.

The graph of $y=f\left(x\right)$ where $f\left(x\right)=x$ is same as the graph of $y=x$ . Writing the equations as functions in the form of $f\left(x\right)$ is useful when applying translations and reflections to graphs.

If $g\left(x\right)=f\left(x\right)+k$ it is known as vertical shift.

If $k>0$ it moves upwards.

If $k<0$ it moves downwards.

If $g\left(x\right)=f\left(x+h\right)$ it is known as horizontal shift.

If $h<0$ moves it right.

If $h>0$ moves it left.

If $g\left(x\right)=-f\left(x\right)$ it is known as Vertical reflection it means reflects about X-axis

If $g\left(x\right)=f\left(-x\right)$ it is known as Horizontal reflection it means reflects about Y-axis

If $g\left(x\right)=af\left(x\right)$

If $a>0$ it is known as Vertical stretch.

If $0<a<1$ it is known as Vertical compression.

If $g\left(x\right)=f\left(bx\right)$

If $b>1$ it is known as Horizontal compression.

If $0<b<1$ it is known as Horizontal Stretch.

From the given information,

  $f\left(x\right)=x$

  $g\left(x\right)=x+3$

  $\Rightarrow g\left(x\right)=f\left(x\right)+3$

Therefore, from above concept

If $g\left(x\right)=f\left(x\right)+k$ it is known as vertical shift.

If $k>0$ it moves upwards.

If $k<0$ it moves downwards.

Therefore, here $k=3$ as $3>0$

So, there will be Vertical shift and it moves 3 units upwards.

Therefore, the graph $f\left(x\right)=x$ is vertical shift and it moves 3 units upwards to get $g\left(x\right)=x+3$ .