Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 36, Problem 4FIB
Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The kidney plays a most important role in “urine production” and in maintain the hydration of body by producing “concentrated urine”. The kidney is composed of various parts which take part in urine formation.

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Fill in with the appropriate term: Most reabsorption occurs here:______ ; final concentration of urine occurshere:___________ ; creates a salt concentration gradient in the interstitial fluid:________ ; location of the concentration gradient within the kidney:___________ .
Number the following structures in order of function (1 to 13) during urine formation.   ________afferent arteriole ________ascending limb of loop ________collecting duct ________descending limb of loop ________distal convoluted tubule ________efferent arteriole ________glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule & glomerulus (glomerular capillaries) ________nephron loop ________papillary duct ________proximal convoluted tubule ________renal corpuscle ________thick segment of loop ________thin segment of loop   Bladder infections occur when bacteria from outside of the body enter through the urethra and colonize the bladder. Based on the anatomical differences between the sexes, explain why women are more susceptible to bladder infections than men.
Explain the mechanism of formation of urine. There are three steps. Explain

Chapter 36 Solutions

Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)

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