Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 36, Problem 2RQ
Summary Introduction
To describe:
The process of ammonia formation in the body until its excretion.
Concept introduction:
Mammals are heterotrophic in nature and depend on plants for their food. The mammals consume protein in the form of amino acid. When protein is metabolized it breaks into carbon and hydrogen, which in turn are used as energy source. The unmetabolized part converts into toxic waste product ammonia.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
State whether the reaction below is synthesis, decomposition or exchange reaction
a) a phosphate is transferred from an ATP molecule onto a protein channel cause ibf the channel to open
b) in the liver sugar molecules are stored as a larger molecule called glycogen
c) during times of starvation, proteins in the body are digested to release amino acids
The gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae produces a protein, cholera toxin (Mr 90,000), that is responsible for the characteristic symptoms of cholera: extensive loss of body water and Na+ through continuous, debilitating diarrhea. If body fluids and Na+ are not replaced, severedehydration results; untreated, the disease is often fatal. When the cholera toxin gains access to the human intestinal tract, it binds tightly to specific sites in the plasma membrane of the epithelial cells lining the small intestine, causing adenylyl cyclase to undergo prolonged activation (hours or days).(a) What is the effect of cholera toxin on [cAMP] in the intestinal cells?(b) Based on the information above, suggest how cAMP normally functions in intestinal epithelial cells.(c) Suggest a possible treatment for cholera.
Influenza viruses are surrounded by a membrane that contains a fusion protein, which is activated by acidic pH. Upon activation, the protein causes the viral membrane to fuse with cell membranes. An old folk remedy against flu recommends that one should spend a night in a horse’s stable. Odd as it may sound, there is a rational explanation for this advice. Air in stables contains ammonia (NH3) generated by bacteria in the horse’s urine. Sketch a diagram showing the pathway (in detail) by which flu virus enters cells, and speculate how NH3 may protect cells from virus infection.
Chapter 36 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 36.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 36.1 - define homeostasis and describe how urinary...Ch. 36.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 36.2 - describe and compare the urinary systems of...Ch. 36.3 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 36.3 - list and describe the structures of the human...Ch. 36.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 36.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 36.3 - draw and label a nephron?Ch. 36.4 - describe the blood supply of the nephron and how...
Ch. 36.4 - explain the three stages of urine formation,...Ch. 36.4 - describe where in the nephron each process occurs?Ch. 36.5 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 36.5 - Since the 1950s, when living kidney donation was...Ch. 36.5 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 36.5 - A patient on dialysis complains that she feels...Ch. 36.5 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 36.5 - Prob. 1TCCh. 36.5 - explain the role of ADH in water reabsorption?Ch. 36.5 - What osmoregulatory problems would occur if a...Ch. 36.5 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 36.5 - Prob. 4CYLCh. 36.5 - explain how and why the urinary systems of...Ch. 36 - Prob. 1ACCh. 36 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 36 - Prob. 1MCCh. 36 - Explain the two major functions of urinary...Ch. 36 - Prob. 2ACCh. 36 - The human kidney consists of an outer layer called...Ch. 36 - Which of the following matches is correct? a....Ch. 36 - Prob. 2RQCh. 36 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 36 - Long nephron loops a. are common in animals with...Ch. 36 - Prob. 3RQCh. 36 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 36 - Which of the following is True? a. Collecting...Ch. 36 - Discuss the differences in function of the two...Ch. 36 - Fill in the following substances: produced from...Ch. 36 - Prob. 5MCCh. 36 - Describe the processes of filtration,...Ch. 36 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 36 - Describe the role of the kidneys as organs of...Ch. 36 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 36 - Briefly describe and compare the urinary systems...Ch. 36 - Explain and contrast osmoregulation in freshwater...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Identify the coenzyme which serves as the highest energy form of a common carrier molecule. ADP FADH2 NAD+ NADP+ AMParrow_forwardBriefly describe the Formation of Macromolecules in Anabolism.arrow_forwardExplain the following term, be sure to include energy requirements for each process and a biological example of each process: Facilitated diffusionarrow_forward
- Diatomic oxygen (O2) exhibits which of the following membrane transport movements? it is not able to cross the membrane by passive transport, because it is big, polar, and inorganic it is not able to cross the membrane by active transport, because it is big, polar, and inorganic it is able to cross the membrane by facilitated diffusion, because it is small, polar, and organic it is able to cross the membrane by active transport, because it is big, nonpolar, and organic it is able cross the membrane by simple diffusion, because it is small, nonpolar, and inorganicarrow_forwardClassify the following into either activation processes or inhibitions processes. Process Phosphorylation of a transport protein (i.e. pump) The binding of a substrate molecule at the active site of an enzyme The binding of a molecule at the active site of an enzyme, but in place of the substrate The allosteric binding of ATP to the phosphofructokinase (an enzyme part of glycolysis)arrow_forwardClassify each of the following chemical processes as anabolic or catabolic. Synthesis of a protein from amino acids Formation of a triacylglycerol from glycerol and fatty acids Hydrolysis of a polysaccharide to monosaccharides Formation of a nucleic acid from nucleotidesarrow_forward
- Match the following characteristics to either (a) autotrophsor (b) chemoheterotrophs:Many microorganisms in this group are infectious.Many microorganisms in this group can carry out pho-tosynthesis.Members of this group usually do not cause disease.Members of this group carry out the same metabolicprocesses as humans.Members of this group break down organic compoundsto obtain energy.Members of this group synthesize organic compoundsto store energy.arrow_forwardThe chloramphenicol MICs for E. coli and S. aureus are similar if not identical. Which ONE of the following best describes the activities of chloramphenicol against E. coli and S. aureus? Select one: A. Chloramphenicol is lipophilic drug able to traverse water-filled porins in the outer and cytoplasmic membranes to reach its target in the cell cytoplasm B. Chloramphenicol is a lipophilic drug able to traverse bacterial membranes to reach its target in the cytoplasm C. Chloramphenicol is hydrophilic drug able to traverse water-filled porins in the outer and cytoplasmic membranes to reach its target in the cell cytoplasm D. Chloramphenicol is unable to traverse bacterial membranes and consequently both organisms are resistant to the drug E. Chloramphenicol is a hydrophilic drug able to traverse bacterial membranes to reach its target in the cytoplasmarrow_forwardA patient is on a drug for a long time ("LKM A"). When inserting "LKM B", a drug interaction occurs. Which of the following alternatives describes a drug interaction where the levels of free "LKM A" in the blood are expected to increase? Select an alternative: CYP enzyme inhibition Inhibition of uptake transporter for "LKM A" in the gastrointestinaltract Increased secretion of "LKM A" in the gastrointestinal tract CYP enzyme inductionComplex bindingarrow_forward
- Cells use primarily two ways of storing potential energy: 1) as concentration gradients and 2) in molecules. A) Explain how energy can be stored in these two forms and how it can be used to do other work. B) Propose an analogy that can explain each of these forms of energy storage using everyday items.arrow_forwardThe site where a noncompetitive inhibitor binds to an enzyme is called: Active site Receptor site Coenzyme O Allosteric site Enzyme linked receptors:arrow_forwardThe FIGURE 3 below shows a summary of a chemical reaction which occurs in a mammalian during the transportation of carbon dioxide by red blood cells (RBC). т R+ 02 > CO2 + H20 IV U CO2 + H20 II HČOr H* + Hb 02 II H2CO3 Hb02 FIGURE 3 a) State the substances labeled R, S and T in the above diagram. R: S: T: b) Name the part of haemoglobin molecule that binds to carbon dioxide. c) Explain what happens at stage I, II and in we diagram. I: II: IV: d) What happens to HCO, after process IV? e) Suggest the reason for movement of T in the diagram. f) State the importance of process III.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
