Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 36.5, Problem 2TC
What osmoregulatory problems would occur if a freshwater trout were placed in the ocean, and why?
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What types of osmoregulatory challenges do humans experience? Explain. What mechanisms do we have to meet these challenges?
Describe the underlying osmoregulation issues that aquatic and terrestrial animals confront, as well as their solutions for overcoming them. Emphasize how their osmoregulatory organs have modified.
The diagram below of part of a nephron shows some of the pressure gradients that are involved
in the movement of fluids from blood to the glomerular filtrate within the Bowman's capsule. The
numbers represent hydrostatic pressure in kPA.
Afferent arteriole (9.32)
Glomerulus
Efferent arteriole (2.34)
-Bowman's caps
Colloid osmotic
pressure of
the plasma in the
glomerular capillaries
(4.26)
Net fitration
Distal
convoluted
Proximal
convoluted
tubule
tubule
(1.33)
Chapter 36 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 36.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 36.1 - define homeostasis and describe how urinary...Ch. 36.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 36.2 - describe and compare the urinary systems of...Ch. 36.3 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 36.3 - list and describe the structures of the human...Ch. 36.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 36.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 36.3 - draw and label a nephron?Ch. 36.4 - describe the blood supply of the nephron and how...
Ch. 36.4 - explain the three stages of urine formation,...Ch. 36.4 - describe where in the nephron each process occurs?Ch. 36.5 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 36.5 - Since the 1950s, when living kidney donation was...Ch. 36.5 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 36.5 - A patient on dialysis complains that she feels...Ch. 36.5 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 36.5 - Prob. 1TCCh. 36.5 - explain the role of ADH in water reabsorption?Ch. 36.5 - What osmoregulatory problems would occur if a...Ch. 36.5 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 36.5 - Prob. 4CYLCh. 36.5 - explain how and why the urinary systems of...Ch. 36 - Prob. 1ACCh. 36 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 36 - Prob. 1MCCh. 36 - Explain the two major functions of urinary...Ch. 36 - Prob. 2ACCh. 36 - The human kidney consists of an outer layer called...Ch. 36 - Which of the following matches is correct? a....Ch. 36 - Prob. 2RQCh. 36 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 36 - Long nephron loops a. are common in animals with...Ch. 36 - Prob. 3RQCh. 36 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 36 - Which of the following is True? a. Collecting...Ch. 36 - Discuss the differences in function of the two...Ch. 36 - Fill in the following substances: produced from...Ch. 36 - Prob. 5MCCh. 36 - Describe the processes of filtration,...Ch. 36 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 36 - Describe the role of the kidneys as organs of...Ch. 36 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 36 - Briefly describe and compare the urinary systems...Ch. 36 - Explain and contrast osmoregulation in freshwater...
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- What is the role of the invertebrate/vertebrate gill in osmoregulation?arrow_forwardThe nephron has a transporter protein to reabsorb glucose, what will occur if this transporter mechanism is saturated?arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between filtration and reabsorption? Explain how hydrostatic, osmotic (or colloid oncotic), and osmosis influence fluid transport across the nephron.arrow_forward
- A marine invertebrate such as the anemone is described as an 1.) Osmoregulator 2.) Osmomanipulator 3.) Osmoconformer 4.) Osmosupressor 5.) Osmodictatorarrow_forwardWhy is this process considered secondary active transport? Does water reabsorption accompany ion reabsorption in this region of the nephron?arrow_forwardIn a short essay (100–150 words), compare how membrane structures in the loop of Henle and collecting duct of the mammalian kidney enable water to be recovered from filtrate in the process of osmoregulation.arrow_forward
- Describe one adaptation for osmoregulation in freshwater animals, saltwater animals, and saltwater plants.arrow_forwardExplain why the filtrate becomes hypotonic as it flows through the ascending limb of the nephron loop. Also explain why the filtrate at the bend of the nephron loop (and the interstitial fluid of the deep portions of the medulla) is hypertonic.arrow_forwarda) The process by which salmon maintain an internal balance is called osmoregulation. Describe how salmon achieve osmoregulation as they migrate between fresh and saltwater environments. b) Describe what happens to salmon in fresh water. What direction do solutes tend to move via diffusion? What direction does water tend to move via osmosis?arrow_forward
- Na+ ions are actively transported out of the tubules to help set up the countercurrent multiplier. Which of the following are sites of active Na+ ion transport in the nephron?arrow_forwardExplain why the filtrate becomes hypotonic as it flows through the ascending limb of the nephron loop and why the filtrate at the end of the nephron loop is hypertonic.arrow_forwardThe bodily fluids of freshwater fish contain higher concentration of dissolved solids in their surroundings, so they tend to bloat (take in water) or lose electrolytes. How can freshwater fish avoid this? 1.) By drinking lots of water? 2.) By actively transporting ions out from the gills into the water? 3.) by excreting highly concentrated urine? 4.) by resorbing ions in nephronsarrow_forward
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