Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 36, Problem 7FIB
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Osmoregulation is an important function performed by the kidney. Osmoregulation refers to the maintenance of blood osmolarity, which is the concentration of solutes and ions in the blood plasma.
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The kidneys are important regulators of blood volume (and thus MAP) and the ionic composition and pH of plasma . The amount of water reabsorbed or lost is hormonally regulated. Both the amount of blood that is filtered (glomerular filtration rate) and the amount of water that is reabsorbed is determined by hormones binding with receptors. In order to understand why the level of any given hormone is elevated or low in the blood, it is necessary to think in terms of homeostasis loops for each hormone, and what the initial disturbance to homeostasis was. In other words “who started it”!
What STEROID hormone is elevated by increased activation of the RAS pathway?
The kidneys are important regulators of blood volume (and thus MAP) and the ionic composition and pH of plasma . The amount of water reabsorbed or lost is hormonally regulated. Both the amount of blood that is filtered (glomerular filtration rate) and the amount of water that is reabsorbed is determined by hormones binding with receptors. In order to understand why the level of any given hormone is elevated or low in the blood, it is necessary to think in terms of homeostasis loops for each hormone, and what the initial disturbance to homeostasis was. In other words “who started it”!
What NON STEROID hormone is produced at the end (but as part of) of the RAS pathway?
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Chapter 36 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 36.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 36.1 - define homeostasis and describe how urinary...Ch. 36.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 36.2 - describe and compare the urinary systems of...Ch. 36.3 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 36.3 - list and describe the structures of the human...Ch. 36.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 36.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 36.3 - draw and label a nephron?Ch. 36.4 - describe the blood supply of the nephron and how...
Ch. 36.4 - explain the three stages of urine formation,...Ch. 36.4 - describe where in the nephron each process occurs?Ch. 36.5 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 36.5 - Since the 1950s, when living kidney donation was...Ch. 36.5 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 36.5 - A patient on dialysis complains that she feels...Ch. 36.5 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 36.5 - Prob. 1TCCh. 36.5 - explain the role of ADH in water reabsorption?Ch. 36.5 - What osmoregulatory problems would occur if a...Ch. 36.5 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 36.5 - Prob. 4CYLCh. 36.5 - explain how and why the urinary systems of...Ch. 36 - Prob. 1ACCh. 36 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 36 - Prob. 1MCCh. 36 - Explain the two major functions of urinary...Ch. 36 - Prob. 2ACCh. 36 - The human kidney consists of an outer layer called...Ch. 36 - Which of the following matches is correct? a....Ch. 36 - Prob. 2RQCh. 36 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 36 - Long nephron loops a. are common in animals with...Ch. 36 - Prob. 3RQCh. 36 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 36 - Which of the following is True? a. Collecting...Ch. 36 - Discuss the differences in function of the two...Ch. 36 - Fill in the following substances: produced from...Ch. 36 - Prob. 5MCCh. 36 - Describe the processes of filtration,...Ch. 36 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 36 - Describe the role of the kidneys as organs of...Ch. 36 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 36 - Briefly describe and compare the urinary systems...Ch. 36 - Explain and contrast osmoregulation in freshwater...
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- Secretion of the hormone ADH may decrease or stop if the pituitarys posterior lobe is damaged, as by a blow to the head. This is one cause of diabetes insipidus. People with this form of diabetes excrete so much dilute urine that they may become seriously dehydrated. Where are the target cells of ADH?arrow_forwardIn the extracellular fluid, an increase in K+ concentration above 5 mM can be life-threatening. Which ONE of the following could cause this condition? O A lack of aldosterone resulting from damaged adrenal glands. O Decreased parathyroid hormone release from the parathyroid glands. An increase in atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the atria of the heart.arrow_forwardCertain types of lung tumors secrete one or more hormones. What would happen to plasma and urine osmolality and urine volume in a patient with a lung tumor that secretes vasopressin? Why?arrow_forward
- Which of these do you suspect will not lead to an increase in ADH secretion from the posterior pituitary gland? Group of answer choices Increased plasma osmolarity Decreased angiotensin II secretion Decreased blood pressure Decreased blood volumearrow_forwardIt is known that aldosterone regulates sodium content in the body. What adrenal cells do produce this hormone? Epinephrocytes Zona fasciculate cells Norepinephrocytes Zona reticularis cells The cells of the glomerular zonearrow_forwardWhich of these stimulates the secretion of ADH?a. elevated blood osmolalityb. decreased blood osmolalityc. release of hormones from the hypothalamusd. ACTHe. increased blood pressurearrow_forward
- A man drank three glasses of water in a short period of time on a hot day.Discuss how the endocrine system regulates this man's collecting duct and urine production in order to maintain his body's water and electrolyte balance.arrow_forwardAlcohol and caffeine inhibit the effects of antidiuretic hormone.Explain why drinking beer or coffee increases the frequency ofurination. If your urine appears dilute (is light yellow) after drinkingbeer or coffee, does that indicate that you are well hydrated?arrow_forwardOrgan That Secretes the Hormone Stimulus for Secretion Target Tissue Hormone Thymosin and thymopoietin Parathyroid hormone Cortisol Aldosterone Epinephrine and norepinephrine Insulin nomo Glucagonarrow_forward
- A patient has a tumor in the adrenal cortex that continuously secretes large amounts of aldosterone. What is this condition called, and what effects does this have on the total amount of sodium and potassium in her body?arrow_forwardOsmoregulation is a process that helps control the amount of water in the blood stream. One of the main hormones involved in this is ADH, which is released by the posterior pituitary gland a) With reference to at least this hormone, explain the negative feedback mechanism that occurs when the body is dehydrated. b) Following on from the above, explain what happens when there is too much water in the blood stream. Again you should refer to ADH as part of your answer.arrow_forwardAnatomy and phsiologyarrow_forward
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