Fundamentals of Physics Extended
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781118230725
Author: David Halliday, Robert Resnick, Jearl Walker
Publisher: Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated
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Chapter 36, Problem 34P
To determine
To find:
a) Color of the rings on the outer edges of the diffraction maxima
b) Diameter of water drop
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A parallel X-ray beam is diffracted by sodium chloride. Strong first-order is obtained when the Bragg angle (the angle between the crystal planes and the emerging beam) is 6º 50’. The distance between the planes that are in the reflection position in the crystal is 2,8 Å. 1 angstron = 1 Å = 0,1 nm.
a) What is the wavelength of X-rays?
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The structure of the NaCl crystal forms reflecting planes 0.541 nm apart. An X-ray diffraction experiment reflects 0.105 nm X-rays off of a NaCl crystal.
What is the smallest angle, as measured from the reflecting planes in degrees, at which X-ray diffraction may be observed?
Chapter 36 Solutions
Fundamentals of Physics Extended
Ch. 36 - You are conducting a single-slit diffraction...Ch. 36 - In a single-slit diffraction experiment, the top...Ch. 36 - For three experiments, Fig. 36-30 gives the...Ch. 36 - For three experiments, Fig. 36-31 gives versus...Ch. 36 - Figure 36-32 shows four choices for the...Ch. 36 - Prob. 6QCh. 36 - At night many people see rings called entoptic...Ch. 36 - a For a given diffraction grating, does the...Ch. 36 - Figure 36-33 shows a red line and a green line of...Ch. 36 - For the situation of Question 9 and Fig. 36-33, if...
Ch. 36 - a Figure 36-34a shows the lines produced by...Ch. 36 - Figure 36-35 shows the bright fringes that lie...Ch. 36 - In three arrangements you view two closely spaced...Ch. 36 - For a certain diffraction grating, the ratio /a of...Ch. 36 - GO The distance between the first and fifth minima...Ch. 36 - What must be the ratio of the slit width to the...Ch. 36 - A plane wave of wavelength 590 nm is incident on a...Ch. 36 - In conventional television, signals are broadcast...Ch. 36 - A single slit is illuminated by light of...Ch. 36 - Monochromatic light of wavelength 441 nm is...Ch. 36 - Light of wavelength 633 nm is incident on a narrow...Ch. 36 - Sound waves with frequency 3000 Hz and speed 343...Ch. 36 - SSM ILW A slit 1.00 mm wide is illuminated by...Ch. 36 - GO Manufacturers of wire and other objects of...Ch. 36 - A 0.10-mm-wide slit is illuminated by light of...Ch. 36 - Figure 36-38 gives versus the sine of the angle ...Ch. 36 - Monochromatic light with wavelength 538 nm is...Ch. 36 - In the single-slit diffraction experiment of Fig....Ch. 36 - SSM WWW The full width at half-maximum FWHM of a...Ch. 36 - Babinets principle. A monochromatic beam of...Ch. 36 - a Show that the values of a at which intensity...Ch. 36 - The wall of a large room is covered with acoustic...Ch. 36 - a How far from grains of red sand must you be to...Ch. 36 - The radar system of a navy cruiser transmits at a...Ch. 36 - SSM WWW Estimate the linear separation of two...Ch. 36 - Prob. 22PCh. 36 - SSM The two headlights of an approaching...Ch. 36 - Entoptic halos. If someone looks at a bright...Ch. 36 - ILW Find the separation of two points on the Moons...Ch. 36 - The telescopes on some commercial surveillance...Ch. 36 - If Superman really had x-ray vision at 0.10 nm...Ch. 36 - GO The wings of tiger beetles Fig. 36-41 are...Ch. 36 - a What is the angular separation of two stars if...Ch. 36 - GO Floaters. The floaters you see when viewing a...Ch. 36 - SSM Millimeter-wave radar generates a narrower...Ch. 36 - a A circular diaphragm 60 cm in diameter...Ch. 36 - Prob. 33PCh. 36 - Prob. 34PCh. 36 - Suppose that the central diffraction envelope of a...Ch. 36 - A beam of light of a single wavelength is incident...Ch. 36 - In a double-slit experiment, the slit separation d...Ch. 36 - In a certain two-slit interference pattern, 10...Ch. 36 - Light of wavelength 440 nm passes through a double...Ch. 36 - GO Figure 36-45 gives the parameter of Eq. 36-20...Ch. 36 - GO In the two-slit interference experiment of Fig....Ch. 36 - GO a In a double-slit experiment, what largest...Ch. 36 - SSM WWW a How many bright fringes appear between...Ch. 36 - Perhaps to confuse a predator, some tropical...Ch. 36 - A diffraction grating 20.0 mm wide has 6000...Ch. 36 - Visible light is incident perpendicularly on a...Ch. 36 - SSM ILW A grating has 400 lines/mm. How many...Ch. 36 - A diffraction grating is made up of slits of width...Ch. 36 - SSM WWW Light of wavelength 600 nm is incident...Ch. 36 - With light from a gaseous discharge tube incident...Ch. 36 - GO A diffraction grating having 180 lines/mm is...Ch. 36 - GO A beam of light consisting of wavelengths from...Ch. 36 - Prob. 53PCh. 36 - Derive this expression for the intensity pattern...Ch. 36 - SSM ILW A source containing a mixture of hydrogen...Ch. 36 - a How many rulings must a 4.00-cm-wide diffraction...Ch. 36 - Light at wavelength 589 nm from a sodium lamp is...Ch. 36 - A grating has 600 rulings/mm and is 5.0 mm wide. a...Ch. 36 - A diffraction grating with a width of 2.0 cm...Ch. 36 - Prob. 60PCh. 36 - With a particular grating the sodium doublet...Ch. 36 - A diffraction grating illuminated by monochromatic...Ch. 36 - Assume that the limits of the visible spectrum are...Ch. 36 - What is the smallest Bragg angle for x rays of...Ch. 36 - Prob. 65PCh. 36 - Prob. 66PCh. 36 - Prob. 67PCh. 36 - If first-order reflection occurs in a crystal at...Ch. 36 - X rays of wavelength 0.12 nm are found to undergo...Ch. 36 - Prob. 70PCh. 36 - Prob. 71PCh. 36 - Prob. 72PCh. 36 - Consider a two-dimensional square crystal...Ch. 36 - An astronaut in a space shuttle claims she can...Ch. 36 - SSM Visible light is incident perpendicularly on a...Ch. 36 - A beam of light consists of two wavelengths,...Ch. 36 - SSM In a single-slit diffraction experiment, there...Ch. 36 - GO A double-slit system with individual slit...Ch. 36 - SSM A diffraction grating has resolving power R =...Ch. 36 - The pupil of a persons eye has a diameter of 5.00...Ch. 36 - Prob. 81PCh. 36 - A grating with d = 1.50 m is illuminated at...Ch. 36 - SSM In two-slit interference, if the slit...Ch. 36 - GO In a two-slit interference pattern, what is the...Ch. 36 - A beam of light with a narrow wavelength range...Ch. 36 - If you look at something 40 m from you, what is...Ch. 36 - Two yellow flowers are separated by 60 cm along a...Ch. 36 - In a single-slit diffraction experiment, what must...Ch. 36 - A diffraction grating 3.00 cm wide produces the...Ch. 36 - A single-slit diffraction experiment is set up...Ch. 36 - A diffraction grating has 8900 slits across 1.20...Ch. 36 - In an experiment to monitor the Moons surface with...Ch. 36 - In June 1985, a laser beam was sent out from the...Ch. 36 - A diffraction grating 1.00 cm wide has 10 000...Ch. 36 - SSM If you double the width of a single slit, the...Ch. 36 - When monochromatic light is incident on a slit...Ch. 36 - A spy satellite orbiting at 160 km above Earths...Ch. 36 - Suppose that two points are separated by 2.0 cm....Ch. 36 - A diffraction grating has 200 lines/mm. Light...Ch. 36 - A diffraction grating has 200 rulings/mm, and it...Ch. 36 - Prob. 101PCh. 36 - Monochromatic light wavelength = 450 nm is...Ch. 36 - Light containing a mixture of two wavelengths, 500...Ch. 36 - Prob. 104PCh. 36 - Show that a grating made up of alternately...Ch. 36 - Light of wavelength 500 nm diffracts through a...Ch. 36 - If, in a two-slit interference pattern, there are...Ch. 36 - White light consisting of wavelengths from 400 nm...Ch. 36 - If we make d = a in Fig. 36-50, the two slits...Ch. 36 - Derive Eq. 36-28, the expression for the...Ch. 36 - Prob. 111PCh. 36 - How many orders of the entire visible spectrum...Ch. 36 - An acoustic double-slit system of slit separation...Ch. 36 - Two emission lines have wavelengths and ,...
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- On a certain crystal, a first-order X-ray diffraction maximum is observed at an angle of 27.1° relative to its surface, using an X-ray source of unknown wavelength. Additionally, when illuminated with a different, this time of known wavelength 0.137 nm, a second-order maximum is detected at 37.3°. Determine (a) the spacing between the reflecting planes, and (b) the unknown wavelength.arrow_forwardAs a single crystal is rotated in an x-ray spectrometer (Fig. 3.22a), many parallel planes of atoms besides AA and BB produce strong diffracted beams. Two such planes are shown in Figure P3.38. (a) Determine geometrically the interplanar spacings d1 and d2 in terms of d0. (b) Find the angles (with respect to the surface plane AA) of the n = 1, 2, and 3 intensity maxima from planes with spacing d1. Let = 0.626 and d0 = 4.00 . Note that a given crystal structure (for example, cubic) has interplanar spacings with characteristic ratios, which produce characteristic diffraction patterns. In this way, measurement of the angular position of diffracted x-rays may be used to infer the crystal structure. Figure P3.38 Atomic planes in a cubic lattice.arrow_forwardThe structure of the NaCl crystal forms reflecting planes 0.541 nm apart. What is the smallest angle, measured from these planes, at which X-ray diffraction can be observed, if X-rays of wavelength 0.085 nm are used?arrow_forward
- Two polarizing sheets P1 and P2 are placed together with their transmission axes oriented at an angle to each other. What is when only 25% of the maximum transmitted light intensity passes through them?arrow_forwardA parallel beam of light containing orange (610 nm) and violet (4.10wm) wavelengths goes from fused quartz to water, striking the surface between them at a 60.00 incident angle. What is the angle between the two colors in water?arrow_forwardImpressionist painter Georges Seurat created paintings with an enormous number of dots of pure pigment, each of which was approximately 2.00 mm in diameter. The idea was to have colors such as red and green next to each other to form a scintillating canvas, such as in his masterpiece, A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (Fig. P37.15). Assume = 500 nm and a pupil diameter of 5.00 mm. Beyond what distance would a viewer be unable to discern individual dots on the canvas? Figure P37.15arrow_forward
- If bis Brewster’s angle for light reflected from the top of an interface between two substances, and bis Brewster’s angle for light reflected from below, prove that b+b=90.0arrow_forwardA beam of 580-nm light passes through two closely spaced glass plates at close to normal incidence as shown in Figure P27.23. For what minimum nonzero value of the plate separation d is the transmitted light bright?arrow_forwardBoth sides of a uniform film that has index of refraction n and thickness d are in contact with air. For normal incidence of light, an intensity minimum is observed in the reflected light at λ2 and an intensity maximum is observed at λ1, where λ1 > λ2. (a) Assuming no intensity minima are observed between λ1 and λ2, find an expression for the integer m in Equations 27.13 and 27.14 in terms of the wavelengths λ1 and λ2. (b) Assuming n = 1.40, λ1 = 500 nm, and λ2 = 370 nm, determine the best estimate for the thickness of the film.arrow_forward
- By how much do the critical angles for red (660 nm) and violet (410 nm) light differ in a diamond surrounded by air?arrow_forwardA light ray of wavelength 461.9 nm emerges from a 2-mm circular aperture of a krypton ion laser. Due to diffraction, the beam expands as it moves out. How large is the central bright spot at (a) 1 m, (b) 1 km, (c) 1000 km, and (d) at the surface of the moon at a distance of 400,000 km from Earth.arrow_forwardA film of oil on water will appear dark when it is very thin, because the path length difference becomes small compared with the wavelength of light and there is a phase shift at the top surface. If it becomes dark when the path length difference is less than one-fourth the wavelength, what is the thickest the oil can be and appear dark at all visible wavelengths? Oil has an index of refraction of 1.40.arrow_forward
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