Chapter 3.4, Problem 2RC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The ions in the solution should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Most of the ionic compounds are soluble in water, very few of the ionic compounds are sparingly soluble, and some of the ionic compounds are insoluble in water. When it is soluble in water ions gets separated in the solution.

Soluble compounds in water

Almost all the salts of ${\text{Na}}^{\text{+}}{\text{, K}}^{\text{+}}{\text{, NH}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{+}}\text{, salts of nitrate }\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{-}}\right)\text{, chlorate }\left({\text{ClO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{-}}\right)\text{, Perchlorate }\left({\text{ClO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{-}}\right)\text{, Acetate }\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{-}}\right)$ are soluble.

Almost all the salts of ${\text{Cl}}^{\text{-}}{\text{, Br}}^{\text{-}}{\text{, I}}^{\text{-}}\left(\text{halides}\right)$ are soluble. But some of the halides are $\left({\text{Ag}}^{\text{+}}{\text{, Hg}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Pb}}^{\text{2+}}\right)$ are insoluble.

Salts of F^- are soluble. But some of the fluoride salt of ${\text{Mg}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Ca}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Sr}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Ba}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Pb}}^{\text{2+}}$ are insoluble.

Salts of $\text{sulfate }\left({\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2-}}\right)$ are soluble. But sulfates of ${\text{Ca}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Sr}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Ba}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Pb}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, Ag}}^{\text{+}}\text{,}$ are insoluble.

Insoluble compounds in water:

Most of the salts of $\text{carbonate }\left({\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{2-}}\right)\text{, phosphate }\left({\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{3-}}\right)\text{, Oxalate }\left({\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2-}}\right)\text{, Chromate }\left({\text{CrO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2-}}\right)\text{, sulfide }\left({\text{S}}^{\text{2-}}\right)$ are insoluble but some of the salts of NH₄⁺, alkali metal cations and BaS are soluble.

Most of the metal hydroxides and oxides are insoluble in water bit some of the alkali metal hydroxides, $\text{Ba}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}\text{and Sr}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}$ are soluble in water.