Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133949640
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 3, Problem 55PS

Balance each of the following equations, and classify them as precipitation, acid-base, gas-forming, or oxidation-reduction reactions. Show states for reactants and products (s, , g, aq).

(a) CuCl2 + H2S →CuS + HCl

(b) H3PO4 + KOH → H2O + K3PO4

(c) Ca +HBr → H2 + CaBr2

(d) MgC12 + NaOH → Mg(OH)2 + NaCl

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

  • The given reaction has to be classified as precipitation or acid-base or gas forming reaction and the reaction has to be balanced.
  • State of the product and reactant should be shown.

Concept introduction:

Precipitation reaction: The formation of the product is insoluble when the ions combine in the solution is called precipitation reaction.

Acid - base reaction: Formation of the salt from the cation from the base and anion from the acid and formation of water is also the product.

Gas forming reaction: The reaction of acid and metal carbonates which produce carbonic acid. The carbonic acid decomposes which gives water and carbon dioxide.

Oxidation - reduction reaction: The electrons are transferred to one to other is called oxidation reduction reaction.

Most of the ionic compounds are soluble in water, very few of the ionic compounds are sparingly soluble, and some of the ionic compounds are insoluble in water.  When it is soluble in water ions gets separated in the solution.

Soluble compounds in water

Almost all the salts of Na+, K+, NH4+,(NO3-),(ClO3-),(ClO4-)and(CH3CO2-) are soluble.

Almost all the salts of Cl-, Br-, I-(halides) are soluble.  But some of the halides are (Ag+, Hg22+, Pb2+) insoluble.

Salts of F- are soluble.  But some of the fluoride salt of Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Pb2+ are insoluble.

Salts of sulfate (SO42-) are soluble.  But sulfates of Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Pb2+, Ag+, are insoluble.

Insoluble compounds in water:

Most of the salts of (CO32-),(PO43-)(C2O42-),(CrO42-)and(S2-) are insoluble but some of the salts of NH4+, alkali metal cations and BaS are soluble.

Most of the metal hydroxides and oxides are insoluble in water bit some of the alkali metal hydroxides, Ba(OH)2and Sr(OH)2 are soluble in water.

Answer to Problem 55PS

The given reaction is precipitation reaction and the state of reactant and product are shown below.

     Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 3, Problem 55PS , additional homework tip  1

Explanation of Solution

The balancing of the reaction and the type of the reaction is shown below, the given reaction is precipitation reaction and the state of the reaction is shown below,

     Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 3, Problem 55PS , additional homework tip  2

The given compound is copper chloride and hydrogen sulfide which is soluble in water.  In this reaction copper chloride reaction with hydrogen sulfide to give copper sulfide and hydrochloric acidater.  Most of the salts of (CO32-),(PO43-),(C2O42-),(CrO42-)and(S2-) are insoluble but some of the salts of NH4+, alkali metal cations and BaS are soluble.

Therefore the given reaction is precipitation reaction

    Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 3, Problem 55PS , additional homework tip  3

Balance the equation,

Balance the hydrogen atom in the given equation, when balancing the equation, we should not alter the subscripts and we can change coefficients.  There are two hydrogen atoms in the left side and one hydrogen atoms in the right side.  Therefore two molecule of hydrochloric acid is added to right side of reaction.  Therefore the balanced equation is given below.

    Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 3, Problem 55PS , additional homework tip  4

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

  • The given reaction has to be classified as precipitation or acid-base or gas forming reaction and the reaction has to be balanced.
  • State of the product and reactant should be shown.

Concept introduction:

Precipitation reaction: The formation of the product is insoluble when the ions combine in the solution is called precipitation reaction.

Acid - base reaction: Formation of the salt from the cation from the base and anion from the acid and formation of water is also the product.

Gas forming reaction: The reaction of acid and metal carbonates which produce carbonic acid. The carbonic acid decomposes which gives water and carbon dioxide.

Oxidation - reduction reaction: The electrons are transferred to one to other is called oxidation reduction reaction.

Most of the ionic compounds are soluble in water, very few of the ionic compounds are sparingly soluble, and some of the ionic compounds are insoluble in water.  When it is soluble in water ions gets separated in the solution.

Soluble compounds in water

Almost all the salts of Na+, K+, NH4+,(NO3-),(ClO3-),(ClO4-)and(CH3CO2-) are soluble.

Almost all the salts of Cl-, Br-, I-(halides) are soluble.  But some of the halides are (Ag+, Hg22+, Pb2+) insoluble.

Salts of F- are soluble.  But some of the fluoride salt of Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Pb2+ are insoluble.

Salts of sulfate (SO42-) are soluble.  But sulfates of Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Pb2+, Ag+, are insoluble.

Insoluble compounds in water:

Most of the salts of (CO32-),(PO43-)(C2O42-),(CrO42-)and(S2-) are insoluble but some of the salts of NH4+, alkali metal cations and BaS are soluble.

Most of the metal hydroxides and oxides are insoluble in water bit some of the alkali metal hydroxides, Ba(OH)2and Sr(OH)2 are soluble in water.

Answer to Problem 55PS

The balancing of the reaction and the type of the reaction is shown below, the given reaction is acid - base reaction and the state of the reaction is shown below.

  Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 3, Problem 55PS , additional homework tip  5

Explanation of Solution

The balancing of the reaction and the type of the reaction is shown below, the given reaction is acid - base reaction and the state of the reaction is shown below

  Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 3, Problem 55PS , additional homework tip  6

The given compound is potassium hydroxide and Phosphoric acid.  In this reaction potassium hydroxide reaction with Phosphoric acid to give Tripotassium phosphate and formation of water is also the product.

    Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 3, Problem 55PS , additional homework tip  7

Balance the equation,

Balance the potassium atom in the given equation, when balancing the equation, we should not alter the subscripts and we can change coefficients.  There are three potassium atoms in the right side and one potassium atoms in the left side.  Therefore three molecule of potassium hydroxide is added to left side of reaction.  Therefore the balanced equation is given below.

    Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 3, Problem 55PS , additional homework tip  8

Balance the hydrogen atom in the given equation.  There are six hydrogen atoms in the left side and two hydrogen atoms in the right side.  Therefore three molecule of water is added to right side of reaction.  Therefore the balanced equation is given below.

    Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 3, Problem 55PS , additional homework tip  9

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

  • The given reaction has to be classified as precipitation or acid-base or gas forming reaction and the reaction has to be balanced.
  • State of the product and reactant should be shown.

Concept introduction:

Precipitation reaction: The formation of the product is insoluble when the ions combine in the solution is called precipitation reaction.

Acid - base reaction: Formation of the salt from the cation from the base and anion from the acid and formation of water is also the product.

Gas forming reaction: The reaction of acid and metal carbonates which produce carbonic acid. The carbonic acid decomposes which gives water and carbon dioxide.

Oxidation - reduction reaction: The electrons are transferred to one to other is called oxidation reduction reaction.

Most of the ionic compounds are soluble in water, very few of the ionic compounds are sparingly soluble, and some of the ionic compounds are insoluble in water.  When it is soluble in water ions gets separated in the solution.

Soluble compounds in water

Almost all the salts of Na+, K+, NH4+,(NO3-),(ClO3-),(ClO4-)and(CH3CO2-) are soluble.

Almost all the salts of Cl-, Br-, I-(halides) are soluble.  But some of the halides are (Ag+, Hg22+, Pb2+) insoluble.

Salts of F- are soluble.  But some of the fluoride salt of Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Pb2+ are insoluble.

Salts of sulfate (SO42-) are soluble.  But sulfates of Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Pb2+, Ag+, are insoluble.

Insoluble compounds in water:

Most of the salts of (CO32-),(PO43-)(C2O42-),(CrO42-)and(S2-) are insoluble but some of the salts of NH4+, alkali metal cations and BaS are soluble.

Most of the metal hydroxides and oxides are insoluble in water bit some of the alkali metal hydroxides, Ba(OH)2and Sr(OH)2 are soluble in water.

Answer to Problem 55PS

The given reaction is oxidation and reduction reaction and the state of reactant and product is shown below.

    Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 3, Problem 55PS , additional homework tip  10

Explanation of Solution

The balancing of the reaction and the type of the reaction is shown below, the given reaction is oxidation and reduction reaction and the state of the reaction is shown below

    Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 3, Problem 55PS , additional homework tip  11

The given compound is calcium and hydrogen bromide.  In this reaction hydrogen bromide reaction with calcium to give calcium bromide and hydrogen gas.  Here the oxidation state of calcium is zero in the reactant and +2 in the product, calcium loss the electron similarly the oxidation state of hydrogen is +1 in the reactant zero in the product.  Therefore it is oxidation-reduction reaction, and gas as hydrogen is evolved from the reaction.

     Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 3, Problem 55PS , additional homework tip  12

Balance the equation,

Balance the hydrogen atom in the given equation, when balancing the equation, we should not alter the subscripts and we can change coefficients.  There are two hydrogen atoms in the right side and one hydrogen atoms in the left side.  Therefore two molecule of hydrogen bromide is added to left side of reaction.  Therefore the balanced equation is given below.

     Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 3, Problem 55PS , additional homework tip  13

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

  • The given reaction has to be classified as precipitation or acid-base or gas forming reaction and the reaction has to be balanced.
  • State of the product and reactant should be shown.

Concept introduction:

Precipitation reaction: The formation of the product is insoluble when the ions combine in the solution is called precipitation reaction.

Acid - base reaction: Formation of the salt from the cation from the base and anion from the acid and formation of water is also the product.

Gas forming reaction: The reaction of acid and metal carbonates which produce carbonic acid. The carbonic acid decomposes which gives water and carbon dioxide.

Oxidation - reduction reaction: The electrons are transferred to one to other is called oxidation reduction reaction.

Most of the ionic compounds are soluble in water, very few of the ionic compounds are sparingly soluble, and some of the ionic compounds are insoluble in water.  When it is soluble in water ions gets separated in the solution.

Soluble compounds in water

Almost all the salts of Na+, K+, NH4+,(NO3-),(ClO3-),(ClO4-)and(CH3CO2-) are soluble.

Almost all the salts of Cl-, Br-, I-(halides) are soluble.  But some of the halides are (Ag+, Hg22+, Pb2+) insoluble.

Salts of F- are soluble.  But some of the fluoride salt of Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Pb2+ are insoluble.

Salts of sulfate (SO42-) are soluble.  But sulfates of Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Pb2+, Ag+, are insoluble.

Insoluble compounds in water:

Most of the salts of (CO32-),(PO43-)(C2O42-),(CrO42-)and(S2-) are insoluble but some of the salts of NH4+, alkali metal cations and BaS are soluble.

Most of the metal hydroxides and oxides are insoluble in water bit some of the alkali metal hydroxides, Ba(OH)2and Sr(OH)2 are soluble in water.

Answer to Problem 55PS

The given reaction is precipitation reaction and the state of the reaction is shown below.

    Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 3, Problem 55PS , additional homework tip  14

Explanation of Solution

The balancing of the reaction and the type of the reaction is shown below, the given reaction is precipitation reaction and the state of the reaction is shown below

    Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 3, Problem 55PS , additional homework tip  15

The given compound is magnesium chloride and sodium hydroxide.  In this reaction magnesium chloride reaction with sodium hydroxide to give magnesium hydroxide and sodiumchloride.  Most of the metal hydroxides and oxides are insoluble in water bit some of the alkali metal hydroxides, Ba(OH)2and Sr(OH)2 are soluble in water.  Therefore,

the given reaction is precipitation reaction.

    Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 3, Problem 55PS , additional homework tip  16

Balance the equation,

Balance the chlorine atom in the given equation, when balancing the equation, we should not alter the subscripts and we can change coefficients.  There are two chlorine atoms in the left side and one chlorine atoms in the right side.  Therefore two molecule of sodium chloride is added to right side of reaction.  Therefore the balanced equation is given below.

    Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 3, Problem 55PS , additional homework tip  17

Balance the oxygen atom in the given equation, there are two oxygen atoms in the right side and one oxygen atoms in the left side. Therefore two molecule of sodium hydroxide is added to left side of reaction. Therefore the balanced equation is given below.

  Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 3, Problem 55PS , additional homework tip  18

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Chapter 3 Solutions

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity

Ch. 3.5 - In each of the following cases, aqueous solutions...Ch. 3.5 - Prob. 1RCCh. 3.5 - What is the net ionic equation for the reaction of...Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 3.6 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 3.6 - Prob. 1RCCh. 3.6 - 2. The hydrogen phosphate ion is amphiprotic....Ch. 3.6 - What is the net ionic equation for the reaction of...Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 4RCCh. 3.7 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 3.7 - Prob. 1RCCh. 3.8 - Assign an oxidation number to the underlined atom...Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 3.8 - 1. What is the oxidation number of Mn in...Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 2RCCh. 3.8 - 3. In which of the manganese compounds below does...Ch. 3.9 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 3.9 - 1. Sometimes a reaction can fall in more than one...Ch. 3.9 - Prob. 1QCh. 3.9 - Prob. 2QCh. 3.9 - Prob. 3QCh. 3.9 - Prob. 4QCh. 3.9 - Prob. 5QCh. 3 - Write balanced chemical equations for the...Ch. 3 - Write balanced chemical equations for the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3PSCh. 3 - Prob. 4PSCh. 3 - Prob. 5PSCh. 3 - Balance the following equations, and name each...Ch. 3 - Equal amounts of two acidsHCl and HCO2H (formic...Ch. 3 - Prob. 8PSCh. 3 - What is an electrolyte? How can you differentiate...Ch. 3 - Name and give the formulas of two acids that are...Ch. 3 - Which compound or compounds in each of the...Ch. 3 - Which compound or compounds in each of the...Ch. 3 - The following compounds are water-soluble. What...Ch. 3 - The following compounds are water-soluble. What...Ch. 3 - Decide whether each of the following is...Ch. 3 - Decide whether each of the following is...Ch. 3 - Balance the equation for the following...Ch. 3 - Balance the equation for the following...Ch. 3 - Predict the products of each precipitation...Ch. 3 - Prob. 20PSCh. 3 - Write a balanced equation for the ionization of...Ch. 3 - Write a balanced equation for the ionization of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 23PSCh. 3 - Phosphoric add can supply one, two, or three H3O+...Ch. 3 - Prob. 25PSCh. 3 - Prob. 26PSCh. 3 - Prob. 27PSCh. 3 - Prob. 28PSCh. 3 - Prob. 29PSCh. 3 - Prob. 30PSCh. 3 - Write an equation that describes the equilibrium...Ch. 3 - Write an equation that describes the equilibrium...Ch. 3 - Prob. 33PSCh. 3 - Write two chemical equations, one in which H2PO4...Ch. 3 - Balance the following equations, and then write...Ch. 3 - Balance the following equations, and then write...Ch. 3 - Prob. 37PSCh. 3 - Balance each of the following equations, and then...Ch. 3 - Write balanced net ionic equations for the...Ch. 3 - Write balanced net ionic equations for the...Ch. 3 - Siderite is a mineral consisting largely of...Ch. 3 - The mineral rhodothrosite is manganese()...Ch. 3 - Prob. 43PSCh. 3 - Prob. 44PSCh. 3 - Determine the oxidation number of each element in...Ch. 3 - Determine the oxidation number of each element in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 47PSCh. 3 - Which two of the following reactions are...Ch. 3 - In the following reactions, decide which reactant...Ch. 3 - In the following reactions, decide which reactant...Ch. 3 - Balance the following equations, and then classify...Ch. 3 - Prob. 52PSCh. 3 - Classify each of the following reactions as a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 54PSCh. 3 - Balance each of the following equations, and...Ch. 3 - Complete and balance the equations below, and...Ch. 3 - Prob. 57PSCh. 3 - Prob. 58PSCh. 3 - Balance the following equations: (a) for the...Ch. 3 - Balance the following equations: (a) for the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 61GQCh. 3 - Give the formula for each of the following...Ch. 3 - Prob. 63GQCh. 3 - Name two anions that combine with Al3+ ion to...Ch. 3 - Write the net ionic equation and identify the...Ch. 3 - Identify and name the water-insoluble product in...Ch. 3 - Bromine is obtained from sea water by the...Ch. 3 - Identify each of the blowing substances as a...Ch. 3 - The mineral dolomite contains magnesium...Ch. 3 - Aqueous solutions of ammonium sulfide, (NH4)2S,...Ch. 3 - Prob. 71GQCh. 3 - Prob. 72GQCh. 3 - Balance equations for these reactions that occur...Ch. 3 - Prob. 74GQCh. 3 - You are given mixtures containing the following...Ch. 3 - Identify, from each list below, the compound or...Ch. 3 - Prob. 77GQCh. 3 - Prob. 78GQCh. 3 - Gas evolution was observed when a solution of Na2S...Ch. 3 - Prob. 81ILCh. 3 - Prob. 82ILCh. 3 - Prob. 83ILCh. 3 - A Suggest a laboratory method for preparing barium...Ch. 3 - The Toliens test for the presence of reducing...Ch. 3 - There are many ionic compounds that dissolve in...Ch. 3 - Most naturally occurring acids are weak acids....Ch. 3 - You want to prepare barium chloride, BaC12, using...Ch. 3 - Prob. 89SCQCh. 3 - A Describe how to prepare zinc chloride by (a) an...Ch. 3 - A common method for analyzing for the nickel...Ch. 3 - The presence of arsenic in a sample that may also...
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