The Tolien’s test for the presence of reducing sugars (say, in a urine sample) involves treating the sample with silver ions in aqueous ammonia. The result is the formation of a silver mirror within the reaction vessel if a reducing sugar is present. Using glucose, C6H12O6, to illustrate this test, the
C6H12O6 (aq) + 2 Ag+(aq) + 2OH–(aq) → C6H12O7(aq) + 2 Ag(s) + H2O(ℓ) What has been oxidized, and what has been reduced? What is the oxidizing agent, and what is the reducing agent?
Tolien's test. The reaction of silver ions with a sugar such as glucose produces metallic silver. (a) The set-up for the reaction. (b) The silvered test tube
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
- 1. If you wish to convert 0.0100 mol of Au3+ (aq) ions into Au(s) in a “gold-plating” process, how long must you electrolyze a solution if the current passing through the circuit is 2.00 amps? 483 seconds 4.83 104 seconds 965 seconds 1450 secondsarrow_forwardThe iron content of hemoglobin is determined by destroying the hemoglobin molecule and producing small water-soluble ions and molecules. The iron in the aqueous solution is reduced to iron(II) ion and then titrated against potassium permanganate. In the titration, iron(ll) is oxidized to iron(III) and permanganate is reduced to manganese(II) ion. A 5.00-g sample of hemoglobin requires 32.3 mL of a 0.002100 M solution of potassium permanganate. The reaction with permanganate ion is MnO4(aq)+8H+(aq)+5Fe2+(aq)Mn2+(aq)+5Fe3+(aq)+4H2O What is the mass percent of iron in hemoglobin?arrow_forwardWrite balanced net ionic equations for the following reactions in acid solution. (a) Liquid hydrazine reacts with an aqueous solution of sodium bromate. Nitrogen gas and bromide ions are formed. (b) Solid phosphorus (P4) reacts with an aqueous solution of nitrate to form nitrogen oxide gas and dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4-) ions. (c) Aqueous solutions of potassium sulfite and potassium permanganate react. Sulfate and manganese(II) ions are formed.arrow_forward
- One of the few industrial-scale processes that produce organic compounds electrochemically is used by the Monsanto Company to produce1,4-dicyanobutane. The reduction reaction is 2CH2CHCH+2H++2eNC(CH2)4CN The NC(CH2)4CN is then chemically reduced using hydrogen gas to H2N(CH2)6NH2, which is used in the production of nylon. What current must be used to produce 150.kg NC(CH2)4CN per hour?arrow_forwardGold can be dissolved from gold-bearing rock by treating the rock with sodium cyanide in the presence of oxygen. 4 Au(s) + 8 NaCN(aq) + O2(g) + 2 H2O() 4 NaAu(CN)2(aq) + 4 NaOH(aq) (a) Name the oxidizing and reducing agents in this reaction. What has been oxidized, and what has been reduced? (b) If you have exactly one metric ton (1 metric ton = 1000 kg) of gold-bearing rock, what volume of 0.075 M NaCN, in liters, do you need to extract the gold if the rock is 0.019% gold?arrow_forwardAn electrolytic cell is set up with Cd(s) in Cd(NO3)2(aq) and Zn(s) in Zn(NO3)2(aq). Initially both electrodesweigh 5.00 g. After running the cell for several hours theelectrode in the left compartment weighs 4.75 g. (a) Which electrode is in the left compartment? (b) Does the mass of the electrode in the right compartmentincrease, decrease, or stay the same? If the masschanges, what is the new mass? (c) Does the volume of the electrode in the right compartment increase, decrease, or stay the same? If the volumechanges, what is the new volume? (The density of Cd is8.65 g/cm3.)arrow_forward
- 1. Sometimes a reaction can fall in more than one category. Into what category (or categories) does the reaction of Ba(OH)2(aq) + H+PO4(aq) fit? acid-base and oxidation-reduction oxidation-reduction acid-base and precipitation precipitationarrow_forwardTriiodide ions are generated in solution by the following (unbalanced) reaction in acidic solution: IO3(aq) + I(aq) I3(aq) Triiodide ion concentration is determined by titration with a sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) solution. The products are iodide ion and tetrathionate ion (S4O6). a. Balance the equation for the reaction of IO3 with I ions. b. A sample of 0.6013 g of potassium iodate was dissolved in water. Hydrochloric acid and solid potassium iodide were then added. What is the minimum mass of solid KI and the minimum volume of 3.00 M HQ required to convert all of the IO3 ions to I ions? c. Write and balance the equation for the reaction of S2O32 with I3 in acidic solution. d. A 25.00-mL sample of a 0.0100 M solution of KIO. is reacted with an excess of KI. It requires 32.04 mL of Na2S2O3 solution to titrate the I3 ions present. What is the molarity of the Na2S2O3 solution? e. How would you prepare 500.0 mL of the KIO3 solution in part d using solid KIO3?arrow_forwardXenon trioxide, XeO3, reacts with aqueous base to form the xenate anion, HXeO4. This ion reacts further with OH to form the perxenate anion, XeO64, in the following reaction: 2HXeO4(aq)+2OH(aq)XeO64(aq)+Xe(g)+O2(g)+2H2O(l) Identify the elements that are oxidized and reduced in this reaction. You will note that the equation is balanced with respect to the number of atoms on either side. Verify that the redox part of this equation is also balanced, that is, that the extents of oxidation and reduction are also equal.arrow_forward
- The Ostwald process for the commercial production of nitric acid involves the Following three steps: 4NH3(g)+5O2(g)4NO(g)+6H2O(s)2NO(g)+O2(g)2NO2(g)3NO2(g)+H2O(l)2HNO3(aq)+NO(g) a. Which reaction in the Ostwald process are oxidation-reduction reactions? b. Identify each oxidizing agent and reducing agent.arrow_forwardBromine is obtained from sea water by the following redox reaction: Cl2(g) + 2 NaBr(aq) 2 NaCl(aq) + Br2() (a) What has been oxidized? What has been reduced? (b) Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents.arrow_forward4.112 A metallurgical firm wishes to dispose of 1300 gallons of waste sulfuric acid whose molarity is 1.37 M. Before disposal, it will be reacted with calcium hydroxide (slaked lime), which costs $0.23 per pound. (a) Write the balanced chemical equation for this process. (b) Determine the cost that the firm will incur from this use of slaked lime.arrow_forward
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