Chapter 3, Problem 3DAA

Summary Introduction

To explain: The group that has the highest LDL-to-HDL ratio.

Concept introduction: Lipoproteins are carriers of hydrophobic molecules, in the extracellular matrix and the blood. They are made of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins. Proteins are made of amino acids. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) transports fat, essentially cholesterol molecules, in an aqueous medium. LDL can get oxidized with arterial walls and form plaque. HDL carries cholesterol to the liver for breaking it down to simple forms, where it is converted into bile acids and sent to the intestine for excretion. Fatty acids (or cis-unsaturated fatty acids or fat) are fatty acids that have carbon-carbon double bonds with cis configuration. Trans fatty acids (or trans-unsaturated fatty acids or trans fats) are fatty acids that have carbon-carbon double bonds with trans configuration. Trans fats have unusual trans configuration. Saturated fatty acids have fatty acid chains lacking double bonds between their carbon atoms.