Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305073951
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 2CT
In 1976, a team of chemists in the United Kingdom was developing new insecticides by modifying sugars with chlorine (Cl2), phosgene (Cl2CO), and other toxic gases. One young member of the team misunderstood his verbal instructions to “test” a new molecule. He thought he had been told to “taste” it. Luckily for him, the molecule was not toxic, but it was very sweet. It became the food additive sucralose.
Sucralose has three chlorine atoms substituted for three hydroxyl groups of sucrose (table sugar):
The altered sugar binds so strongly to the sweet-taste receptors on the tongue that the human brain perceives it as 600 times sweeter than sucrose. Sucralose was originally marketed as an artificial sweetener called Splenda®, but it is now available under several other brand names.
Researchers investigated whether the body recognizes sucralose as a carbohydrate by feeding sucralose labeled with 14C to volunteers. Analysis of the radioactive molecules in the volunteers’ urine and feces showed that 92.8 percent of the sucralose passed through the body without being altered.
Some people are worried that the chlorine atoms impart toxicity to sucralose. How would you respond to that concern?
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Students have asked these similar questions
Each of the ff. involves a disorder in the function of an organelle or other cell structure. Identify the cell organelle or cell structure involved and indicate whether it is likely to be underactive or active.
a) A baby is placed on a low phenylalanine diet as his newborn screening results revealed that he inherited phenylketonuria.
b) A girl suddenly felt weak and manifested cyanide poisoning symptoms after ingesting undercooked cassava which contains cyanoglycosides.
c) A man develops pleiomorphic liposarcoma (rare cancer). The cause of the problem is a hard mass of cells in his right inner thigh that rapidly increased in size in a matter of 2 months.
d) A male chef learns that he is infertile because his sperm are non-motile.
Helping tags: biology, cell biology, cell structure, cell organelle
Select the term in column B which best matches the description in column A. There are more terms then
needed.
Column A
Column B
1. The pentose sugar found in DNA.
a) Cis fatty acid
b) Trans fatty acid
c) Coenzyme
d) Cofacipr
2. Commonly referred to as "insoluble fiber".
3. Considered to be an amphipathic molecule.
4. A molecule with the formula C18H3602 is probably a
e) Phospholipid
5. Bond created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein.
) Glycogen
6. A non-protein organic molecule needed for proper enzyme functioning.
g) Cellulose
7. Pyrimidine base found only in RNA.
h) Galactose
i) Fructose
8. Increasing the number of these molecules in the cell membrane would
increase the permeability of the cell membrane.
i) Thymine
k) Uracil
9. Bond which connects nucleotide monomers together.
1) Fatty acid
m) Disaccharide
n) Peptide bond
o) A-Helix
p) B-Pleated Sheet
q) Ribose
r) Deoxyribose
10.
please choose correct letter and explain a bit
1. The strongest way by which a protein can maintain its shape is by using:a) ionic bonds
b) disulfide bonds
c) star war forces
d) van der Waals forces
2. If a cell (like an amoeba) would be capable of migrating from one place to another only with movement created from the inside of the cell, then we can say that that movement is done mainly by:
a) glycoproteins
b) feet
c) microtubules
d) actin filaments
True or False: In eukaryotic cells (such as human cells), the variety and diversity of proteins is much less than the variety and diversity of lipids.
Chapter 3 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 3 - Organic molecules consist mainly of ______ atoms....Ch. 3 - Prob. 2SQCh. 3 - _______ groups are the acid part of amino acids...Ch. 3 - Prob. 4SQCh. 3 - Which three carbohydrates can be built using only...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6SQCh. 3 - Prob. 7SQCh. 3 - Steroids are among the lipids with no _________....Ch. 3 - Which of the following is a class of molecules...Ch. 3 - Prob. 1DAA
Ch. 3 - Prob. 2DAACh. 3 - Prob. 3DAACh. 3 - Prob. 4DAACh. 3 - ________ are to proteins as _______ are to nucleic...Ch. 3 - A denatured protein has lost its _______ . a....Ch. 3 - __________ consists of nucleotides. a. Ribose b....Ch. 3 - In the following list, identify the carbohydrate,...Ch. 3 - Match the molecules with the best description....Ch. 3 - Match each polymer with the component monomers....Ch. 3 - Lipoprotein particles are relatively large,...Ch. 3 - In 1976, a team of chemists in the United Kingdom...
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