Concept explainers
To explain: The group that had the lowest level of HDL (“good” cholesterol).
Concept introduction: Lipoproteins are carriers of hydrophobic molecules, in the extracellular matrix and the blood. They are made of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins. Proteins are made of amino acids. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) transports fat, essentially cholesterol molecules, in an aqueous medium. HDL carries cholesterol to the liver for breaking it down to simple forms, where it is converted into bile acids and sent to the intestine for excretion. Trans fatty acids or trans-unsaturated fatty acids or trans fats are fatty acids that have carbon-carbon double bonds with trans configuration. Trans fats have unusual trans configuration.
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
- Current dietary recommendations to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease include all of the following EXCEPT O Eliminate all dietary cholesterol from your diet, such as that found in egg yolk, because it is the main cause of heart disease. O Consume more monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats such as those found in olive oil, fish, nuts, and avocados instead of saturated fats found in red meats. O Increase consumption of oats, legumes, and soy products that may help lower blood cholesterol levels. O Try to eliminate trans-fats from your diet completely.arrow_forwardHigh blood-cholesterol levels are dangerous because of their correlation with atherosclerosis and consequent heart attacks and strokes. Is it possible to eliminate all cholesterol from the bloodstream by having a diet that includes no cholesterol? Is it desirable to have no cholesterol at all in your body? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardBile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals and other vertebrates. Diverse bile acids are synthesized in the liver. Bile acids are conjugated with taurine or glycine residues to give anions called bile salts. * True Falsearrow_forward
- Fatty acids are a component of fats but have distinct chemical difference apart from fats that would allow them to travel fairly freely in the aqueous environment of the blood stream. They don’t, however, and are transported with serum albumin. What about the chemistry of fatty acids makes it so that it might not be good to have a lot of them traveling freely in the bloodstream?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding trans fatty acids is FALSE? Trans fatty acids increase the shelf-life of processed foods. Trans fatty acids were saturated fatty acids prior to hydrogenation. A diet that is rich in trans fatty acids increases the risk of heart disease, and therefore trans fatty acids in foods must be labeled. Trans fatty acids are a byproduct of hydrogenating fats.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statement/s is/are true? 1. Oil is a mixture of tricylgylcerols that is solid because it contains high proportions of unsaturated fatty acids. 2. Oil is a mixture of tricylglycerol that is liquid because it contains a high proportions of unsaturated fatty acids. 3. Fat is a mixture of triacygycerols that is solid because it contains a high proportions of saturated fatty acids. 4. Fat is a mixture of triacyglycerols that is liquid because it contains a high proportions of saturated fatty acids.arrow_forward
- Egg yolks contain a high amount of cholesterol, but they also contain a high amount of lecithin. From a diet and health standpoint, how do these two molecules complement each other?arrow_forwardFoods rich in unsaturated fatty acids tend to be liquid at room temperature. True Falsearrow_forwardSome foods naturally have high levels of the free amino acid. For example, parmesan cheese (1689 mg), tomato (246 mg), scallop (159 mg), corn (106 g), and shrimp (43 mg). Wheat protein (gluten) is typically comprised of 30-35% of this amino acid. People with celiac disease cannot metabolize gluten, but have no trouble with foods high in the natural amino acid or MSG. Why is this?arrow_forward
- Although high cholesterol level is associated with cardiovascular disease, cholesterol plays an important role in our system. What are the functions of cholesterol in our body?arrow_forwardA bowl of raisin bran contains the following amounts of carbohydrate: Starch: 13 grams Fiber: 4 grams Sugar: 11 grams Total: 28 grams How many carbohydrate calories will it provide to your body after digestion?arrow_forwardWhy might a diet high in omega-3 fatty acids also be low in cholesterol?arrow_forward
- Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning