Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305073951
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 3, Problem 1DAA
Summary Introduction
To explain: The group that had the highest level of LDL (“bad” cholesterol).
Concept introduction: Lipoproteins are carriers of hydrophobic molecules, in the extracellular matrix and blood. They are made of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins. Proteins are made of amino acids. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) transports fat, essentially cholesterol molecules, in an aqueous medium. LDL can get oxidized in arterial walls and form plaque. Saturated fatty acids have fatty acid chains lacking double bonds between their carbon atoms.
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Cholesterol that is made by the liver or that enters the body from food does not dissolve in blood, so it is carried through the bloodstream by lipoproteins. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) carries cholesterol to body tissues such as artery walls, where it can form deposits associated with cardiovascular disease. Thus, LDL is often called "bad" cholesterol. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) carries cholesterol away from tissues to the liver for disposal, so HDL is often called "good" cholesterol.
LDL levels were highest in the diet containing primarily ______.
A. cis fatty acids
B. saturated fats
C. trans fatty acids
Lipoproteins are relatively large, combined clumps of both protein and lipid molecules that circulate in the blood of mammals. They come in two forms, called HDL and LDL, and they act like suitcases to move cholesterol, fatty acid remnants, triglycerides, and phospholipids from one place to another through the bloodstream. (LDL recirculates lipids throughout the body, while HDL takes lipids to the liver to excrete them in feces.) Given that lipids are hydrophobic and proteins can be hydrophilic, which of the following statements is correct? (a) The lipid portion of LDL does not dissolve in the bloodstream, while the lipid portion of HDL does. (b) The protein portions of both LDL and HDL can dissolve or interact with the water molecules in the bloodstream. (c) Neither the protein nor the lipid portions of LDL molecules can interact with water molecules in the bloodstream. (d) Both the protein and the lipid portions of HDL molecules can interact with water molecules in the bloodstream.…
Current dietary recommendations to reduce the risk of coronary heart
disease include all of the following EXCEPT
O Eliminate all dietary cholesterol from your diet, such as that found in egg yolk,
because it is the main cause of heart disease.
O Consume more monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats such as those
found in olive oil, fish, nuts, and avocados instead of saturated fats found in red
meats.
O Increase consumption of oats, legumes, and soy products that may help lower
blood cholesterol levels.
O Try to eliminate trans-fats from your diet completely.
Chapter 3 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 3 - Organic molecules consist mainly of ______ atoms....Ch. 3 - Prob. 2SQCh. 3 - _______ groups are the acid part of amino acids...Ch. 3 - Prob. 4SQCh. 3 - Which three carbohydrates can be built using only...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6SQCh. 3 - Prob. 7SQCh. 3 - Steroids are among the lipids with no _________....Ch. 3 - Which of the following is a class of molecules...Ch. 3 - Prob. 1DAA
Ch. 3 - Prob. 2DAACh. 3 - Prob. 3DAACh. 3 - Prob. 4DAACh. 3 - ________ are to proteins as _______ are to nucleic...Ch. 3 - A denatured protein has lost its _______ . a....Ch. 3 - __________ consists of nucleotides. a. Ribose b....Ch. 3 - In the following list, identify the carbohydrate,...Ch. 3 - Match the molecules with the best description....Ch. 3 - Match each polymer with the component monomers....Ch. 3 - Lipoprotein particles are relatively large,...Ch. 3 - In 1976, a team of chemists in the United Kingdom...
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- High blood-cholesterol levels are dangerous because of their correlation with atherosclerosis and consequent heart attacks and strokes. Is it possible to eliminate all cholesterol from the bloodstream by having a diet that includes no cholesterol? Is it desirable to have no cholesterol at all in your body? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardBile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals and other vertebrates. Diverse bile acids are synthesized in the liver. Bile acids are conjugated with taurine or glycine residues to give anions called bile salts. * True Falsearrow_forwardFatty acids are a component of fats but have distinct chemical difference apart from fats that would allow them to travel fairly freely in the aqueous environment of the blood stream. They don’t, however, and are transported with serum albumin. What about the chemistry of fatty acids makes it so that it might not be good to have a lot of them traveling freely in the bloodstream?arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements regarding trans fatty acids is FALSE? Trans fatty acids increase the shelf-life of processed foods. Trans fatty acids were saturated fatty acids prior to hydrogenation. A diet that is rich in trans fatty acids increases the risk of heart disease, and therefore trans fatty acids in foods must be labeled. Trans fatty acids are a byproduct of hydrogenating fats.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statement/s is/are true? 1. Oil is a mixture of tricylgylcerols that is solid because it contains high proportions of unsaturated fatty acids. 2. Oil is a mixture of tricylglycerol that is liquid because it contains a high proportions of unsaturated fatty acids. 3. Fat is a mixture of triacygycerols that is solid because it contains a high proportions of saturated fatty acids. 4. Fat is a mixture of triacyglycerols that is liquid because it contains a high proportions of saturated fatty acids.arrow_forwardEgg yolks contain a high amount of cholesterol, but they also contain a high amount of lecithin. From a diet and health standpoint, how do these two molecules complement each other?arrow_forward
- Foods rich in unsaturated fatty acids tend to be liquid at room temperature. True Falsearrow_forwardAlthough high cholesterol level is associated with cardiovascular disease, cholesterol plays an important role in our system. What are the functions of cholesterol in our body?arrow_forwardWhy might a diet high in omega-3 fatty acids also be low in cholesterol?arrow_forward
- Which of the following is TRUE regarding trans fat? It is less harmful than saturate fat It is commonly found in nuts and cold water fish Causes a fatty acid to have a "kink or bend" in the fatty acid structure It causes the fatty acid to appear and behave more like a saturated fatarrow_forwardCholesterol is a needed substance for the human body; we use it as a base for certain hormones and as a support structure in our plasma membranes. If it is needed in the body,how can it also be harmful?arrow_forwardWhich of the following represents a proper designation for monounsaturated fatty acid ? 18:0 18:1 (A6) O 17:3(A6,9,12) 17:2 (A5,8)arrow_forward
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