Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The IUPAC name for the given polyhydroxy alcohol has to be assigned.
Concept Introduction:
IUPAC rules for naming alcohols that contain single hydroxyl group:
- Longest carbon chain has to be identified that contains hydroxyl group also. The chain name is obtained by replacing the letter “-e” in
alkane with “-ol”. - The numbering has to be given so that the hydroxyl group gets the least numbering.
- Name and location of any other substituent present in the chain has to be identified.
- If in a ring the hydroxyl group is present, then that carbon is numbered 1 and the numbering then proceeds counterclockwise or clockwise in a way that substituents present if any gets the least numbering.
- Hydroxyl group as a substituent in a molecule is named as hydroxy group rather than hydroxyl group.
IUPAC rules for naming alcohols that contain more than one hydroxyl group:
- The same rules said above is followed but the prefix di-, tri-, tetra etc is added corresponding to the number of hydroxyl groups that is present.
(b)
Interpretation:
The IUPAC name for the given polyhydroxy alcohol has to be assigned.
Concept Introduction:
IUPAC rules for naming alcohols that contain single hydroxyl group:
- Longest carbon chain has to be identified that contains hydroxyl group also. The chain name is obtained by replacing the letter “-e” in alkane with “-ol”.
- The numbering has to be given so that the hydroxyl group gets the least numbering.
- Name and location of any other substituent present in the chain has to be identified.
- If in a ring the hydroxyl group is present, then that carbon is numbered 1 and the numbering then proceeds counterclockwise or clockwise in a way that substituents present if any gets the least numbering.
- Hydroxyl group as a substituent in a molecule is named as hydroxy group rather than hydroxyl group.
IUPAC rules for naming alcohols that contain more than one hydroxyl group:
- The same rules said above is followed but the prefix di-, tri-, tetra etc is added corresponding to the number of hydroxyl groups that is present.
(c)
Interpretation:
The IUPAC name for the given polyhydroxy alcohol has to be assigned.
Concept Introduction:
IUPAC rules for naming alcohols that contain single hydroxyl group:
- Longest carbon chain has to be identified that contains hydroxyl group also. The chain name is obtained by replacing the letter “-e” in alkane with “-ol”.
- The numbering has to be given so that the hydroxyl group gets the least numbering.
- Name and location of any other substituent present in the chain has to be identified.
- If in a ring the hydroxyl group is present, then that carbon is numbered 1 and the numbering then proceeds counterclockwise or clockwise in a way that substituents present if any gets the least numbering.
- Hydroxyl group as a substituent in a molecule is named as hydroxy group rather than hydroxyl group.
IUPAC rules for naming alcohols that contain more than one hydroxyl group:
- The same rules said above is followed but the prefix di-, tri-, tetra etc is added corresponding to the number of hydroxyl groups that is present.
(d)
Interpretation:
The IUPAC name for the given polyhydroxy alcohol has to be assigned.
Concept Introduction:
IUPAC rules for naming alcohols that contain single hydroxyl group:
- Longest carbon chain has to be identified that contains hydroxyl group also. The chain name is obtained by replacing the letter “-e” in alkane with “-ol”.
- The numbering has to be given so that the hydroxyl group gets the least numbering.
- Name and location of any other substituent present in the chain has to be identified.
- If in a ring the hydroxyl group is present, then that carbon is numbered 1 and the numbering then proceeds counterclockwise or clockwise in a way that substituents present if any gets the least numbering.
- Hydroxyl group as a substituent in a molecule is named as hydroxy group rather than hydroxyl group.
IUPAC rules for naming alcohols that contain more than one hydroxyl group:
- The same rules said above is followed but the prefix di-, tri-, tetra etc is added corresponding to the number of hydroxyl groups that is present.

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Chapter 3 Solutions
EBK ORGANIC AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
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