Chemistry in Context
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780073522975
Author: American Chemical Society
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 20Q
Consider Figure 4.4.
- a. Which sector has the highest CO2 emission from fossil fuel combustion?
- b. What alternatives exist for each of the major sectors of CO2 emissions?
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During photosynthesis, plants convert carbon dioxide and water to glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen gas. a. Is photosynthesis a source or a sink of a GHG? Explain. b. Write and balance the chemical equation for the photosynthesis c. It is estimated that the amount of CO2 sequestered (removed from the air) by an urban tree is 60.0 kg.4 How much glucose can be produced from 60.0 kg CO2 during photosynthesis?
How the reliance on fossil fuels results in huge excess emissions of CO2?
5. It is estimated that the synthesis of ammonia requires up to 1% of the world's energy
production. If you think about all the things that require energy around us, 1% of world
energy is a huge amount to dedicate to a single process. This energy is not actually used
in the NH3 synthesis reaction shown in part 1, but required for the steam methane
reforming reaction that produces H₂(g) (an essential ingredient in the Haber Bosch
process). The steam methane reforming is the combination of two reactions:
Step 1 Reforming reaction: CH4(g) + H₂O(g) ⇒ CO(g) + 3H₂(g) K₁ = 0.981
Step 2 Water-Gas Shift reaction: CO(g) + H₂O(g) — CO₂(g) + H₂(g) K₂= 1.04
a. Write the overall reaction equation of steam methane reforming.
b. Calculate the overall Keq of steam methane reforming (both steps combined).
c. Methane is a fossil fuel product that is largely obtained through fracking processes in
the US. Alternatively, the Sabatier reaction is the synthesis of methane using CO2 and
H₂:
CO₂(g) + 4H₂(g) →…
Chapter 3 Solutions
Chemistry in Context
Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 3.3YTCh. 3.1 - You Decide Evaporating Coal Mines Writing in the...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 3.6SCCh. 3.3 - Prob. 3.9YTCh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.10CTCh. 3.6 - Skill Building Isotopes of Nitrogen Nitrogen (N2)...Ch. 3.6 - You Decide Marshmallows and Pennies Avogadros...Ch. 3.7 - You Decide Checking Carbon from Cars A...Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 3.19YTCh. 3.8 - Prob. 3.20CT
Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 3.21CTCh. 3.9 - Prob. 3.22CTCh. 3.9 - Prob. 3.23YTCh. 3.9 - Prob. 3.24CTCh. 3.10 - Prob. 3.26CTCh. 3.10 - Prob. 3.27CTCh. 3.11 - Prob. 3.29CTCh. 3.11 - Prob. 3.30YTCh. 3.11 - Prob. 3.31YTCh. 3.11 - Prob. 3.32CTCh. 3.11 - You Decide Climate Change Insurance? Mitigation of...Ch. 3.11 - Prob. 3.34SCCh. 3.11 - Prob. 3.35CTCh. 3 - Prob. 3.1CTCh. 3 - The chapter concluded with a quote from John...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2QCh. 3 - Prob. 3QCh. 3 - Prob. 5QCh. 3 - a. It is estimated that 29 megajoules per square...Ch. 3 - Consider Figure 4.23. a. How does the present...Ch. 3 - Understanding Earths energy balance is essential...Ch. 3 - Explain each of these observations. a. A car...Ch. 3 - Prob. 10QCh. 3 - Draw the Lewis structure and name the molecular...Ch. 3 - Draw the Lewis structure and name the molecular...Ch. 3 - a. Draw the Lewis structure for methanol (wood...Ch. 3 - a. Draw the Lewis structure for ethene (ethylene),...Ch. 3 - Prob. 15QCh. 3 - Prob. 16QCh. 3 - Prob. 17QCh. 3 - Prob. 18QCh. 3 - Termites possess enzymes that allow them to break...Ch. 3 - Consider Figure 4.4. a. Which sector has the...Ch. 3 - Silver has an atomic number of 47. a. Give the...Ch. 3 - Silver only has two naturally occurring isotopes:...Ch. 3 - a. Calculate the average mass in grams of an...Ch. 3 - Prob. 24QCh. 3 - Prob. 25QCh. 3 - The total mass of carbon in living systems is...Ch. 3 - Prob. 27QCh. 3 - Prob. 28QCh. 3 - Prob. 29QCh. 3 - Prob. 30QCh. 3 - The Arctic has been called our canary in the coal...Ch. 3 - Do you think the comment made in the cartoon is...Ch. 3 - Prob. 33QCh. 3 - Prob. 34QCh. 3 - Over the last 20 years, about 120 billion tons of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 36QCh. 3 - Prob. 37QCh. 3 - Prob. 38QCh. 3 - Ethanol, C2H5OH, can be produced from sugars and...Ch. 3 - Prob. 40QCh. 3 - Prob. 41QCh. 3 - Prob. 42QCh. 3 - Prob. 43QCh. 3 - Prob. 44QCh. 3 - Prob. 45QCh. 3 - Prob. 46QCh. 3 - Prob. 47QCh. 3 - Prob. 48QCh. 3 - Prob. 49QCh. 3 - Prob. 50QCh. 3 - Former vice president Al Gore writes in his 2006...Ch. 3 - Prob. 52QCh. 3 - Prob. 53QCh. 3 - Data taken over time reveal an increase in CO2 in...Ch. 3 - In the energy industry, 1 standard cubic foot...Ch. 3 - Prob. 56QCh. 3 - A solar oven is a low-tech, low-cost device for...Ch. 3 - In 2005, the European Union adopted a...Ch. 3 - The world community responded differently to the...
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- 4.60 Why are fuel additives used?arrow_forwardA newspaper article states that biomass has actually been used as an energy source throughout human history. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Defend your answer.arrow_forwardThe carbon dioxide exhaled in the breath of astronauts is often removed from the spacecraft by reaction with lithium hydroxide 2LiOH(s)+CO2(g)Li2CO3(s)+H2O(l) Estimate the grams of lithium hydroxide required per astronaut per day. Assume that each astronaut requires 2.50 103 kcal of energy per day. Further assume that this energy can be equated to the heat of combustion of a quantity of glucose, C6H12O6, to CO2(g) and H2O(l). From the amount of glucose required to give 2.50 103 kcal of heat, calculate the amount of CO2 produced and hence the amount of LiOH required. The H for glucose(s) is 1273 kJ/mol.arrow_forward
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- 19. The chemical equation for photosynthesis is _CO2 (g) + _H₂O (1)→ __C6H1206 (s) + (C6H12O6 is glucose, the simplest sugar) a. Balance the chemical equation above by filling in the blanks. b. According to onetreeplanted.org, the average tree (across all climates and sizes) removes 10 kg of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere every year. Based on this, what mass of glucose is produced annually by the average tree? O2 (g) c. Teak is a common species of tropical tree. The graph below shows the amount of CO₂ absorbed by teak forests in tons of CO₂ per hectare of forest per year, according to the climate region where the forests are found (dry = low rainfall, humid=high rainfall). Looking at your photosynthesis equation again, what does this data suggest about which reactant is the limiting reactant for teak trees? Explain. C Teak Carbon sequestration rate (tons CO₂ ha -1yr -1) 10 10 20 Tropical humid Tropical dry Aboveground biomass, 0-20 years Belowground biomass, 0 -20 yearsarrow_forward4. Suppose that a large amount of forest land was cleared to provide farmland. What effect would the clearing have on the carbon dioxide level in the air? Explain your answer.arrow_forward8. Write balanced chemical equations for the following reactions. a. The reaction of gaseous homonuclear diatomic nitrogen and gaseous homonuclear diatomic hydrogen to produce gaseous ammonia, NH3. b. The reaction of solid manganese(IV) oxide and gaseous hydrogen chloride to produce solid manganese(lI) chloride, homonuclear diatomic chlorine gas, and water.arrow_forward
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