18th Edition

ISBN: 9781938168161

Author: OpenStax

Publisher: OpenStax

Concept explainers

A machine is a device that accepts energy in some available form and utilizes it to do a type of work. Energy, work, or power has to be transferred from one mechanical part to another to run a machine. While the transfer of energy between two machine par…

Kinetic Energy and Work-Energy Theorem

In physics, work is the product of the net force in direction of the displacement and the magnitude of this displacement or it can also be defined as the energy transfer of an object when it is moved for a distance due to the forces acting on it in the d…

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Textbook Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1CQ

Consider these scenarios and state whether work is done by the system on the environment (SE) or by the environment on the system (ES): (a) opening a carbonated beverage; (b) filling a flat tire; (c) a sealed empty gas can expands on a hot day, bowing out the walls.

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Chapter 3, Problem 3.4CYU

Chapter 3, Problem 2CQ

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3.63 • Leaping the River II. A physics professor did daredevil stunts in his spare time. His last stunt was an attempt to jump across a river on a motorcycle (Fig. P3.63). The takeoff ramp was inclined at 53.0°, the river was 40.0 m wide, and the far bank was 15.0 m lower than the top of the ramp. The river itself was 100 m below the ramp. Ignore air resistance. (a) What should his speed have been at the top of the ramp to have just made it to the edge of the far bank? (b) If his speed was only half the value found in part (a), where did he land? Figure P3.63 53.0° 100 m 40.0 m→ 15.0 m

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Chapter 3 Solutions

University Physics Volume 2

Ch. 3 - The paths ABC, AC, and ADC represent three...Ch. 3 - Check Your Understanding The quantities below...Ch. 3 - Check Your Understanding Why was it necessary to...Ch. 3 - Check Your Understanding When 1.00 g of ammonia...Ch. 3 - Consider these scenarios and state whether work is...Ch. 3 - Is it possible to determine whether a change in...Ch. 3 - When a liquid is vaporized, its change in internal...Ch. 3 - Why does a bicycle pump feel warm as you inflate...Ch. 3 - Is it possible for the temperature of a system to...Ch. 3 - What does the first law of thermodynamics tell us...

Ch. 3 - Does adding heat to a system always increase its...Ch. 3 - A great deal of effort, time, and money has been...Ch. 3 - When a gas expands isothermally, it does work....Ch. 3 - If the pressure and volume of a system are given,...Ch. 3 - It is unlikely that a process can be isothermal...Ch. 3 - How can an object transfer heat if the object does...Ch. 3 - Most materials expand when heated. One notable...Ch. 3 - Why are there two specific heats for gases Cp and...Ch. 3 - Is it possible for to be smaller than unity? `Ch. 3 - Would you expect to be larger for a gas or a...Ch. 3 - There is no change in the internal of an ideal gas...Ch. 3 - Does a gas do any work when it expands...Ch. 3 - A gas follows on an isothermal curve, where p is...Ch. 3 - A mole of gas has isobaric expansion coefficient...Ch. 3 - Find the equation of state of a solid that has an...Ch. 3 - A gas at a pressure of 2.00 atm undergoes a...Ch. 3 - It takes 500 J of work to compress...Ch. 3 - It is found that, when a dilute gas expands...Ch. 3 - In a quasi-static isobaric expansion. 500 J of...Ch. 3 - When a gas undergoes a quasi-static isobaric...Ch. 3 - An ideal gas expands quasi-statically and...Ch. 3 - As shown below, calculate the work done by the gas...Ch. 3 - (a) Calculate the work done by the gas along the...Ch. 3 - An ideal gas expands quasi-statically to three...Ch. 3 - A dilute gas at a pressure of 2.0 atm and a volume...Ch. 3 - What is the average mechanical energy of the atoms...Ch. 3 - What is the internal energy of 6.00 mol of an...Ch. 3 - Calculate the internal energy of 15 mg of helium...Ch. 3 - Two monatomic ideal gases A and B are at the same...Ch. 3 - The van der Waals coefficients for oxygen are...Ch. 3 - Find the work done in the quasi-static processes...Ch. 3 - When a dilute gas expands quasi-statically from...Ch. 3 - In a quasi-static isobaric expansion, 500 J of...Ch. 3 - An ideal gas quasi-statically and isothermally...Ch. 3 - As shown below, if the heat absorbed by the gas...Ch. 3 - During the isobaric expansion from A to B...Ch. 3 - (a) What is the change in internal energy for the...Ch. 3 - When a gas expands along path AC shown below, it...Ch. 3 - When a gas expands along AB (see below), it does...Ch. 3 - A dilute gas is stored in the left chamber of a...Ch. 3 - Ideal gases A and B are stored in the left and...Ch. 3 - An ideal monatomic gas at a pressure of 2.0105N/m2...Ch. 3 - Consider the process for steam in a cylinder shown...Ch. 3 - The state of 30 moles of steam in a cylinder is...Ch. 3 - A monatomic ideal gas undergoes a quasi-static...Ch. 3 - A metallic container of fixed volume of 2.5103 m3...Ch. 3 - A gas in a cylindrical closed container is...Ch. 3 - Two moles of a monatomic ideal gas at (5 MPa, 5 L)...Ch. 3 - Consider a transformation from point A to B in a...Ch. 3 - Consider a cylinder with a movable piston...Ch. 3 - An ideal gas expands isothermally along AB and...Ch. 3 - Consider the processes shown below. In the...Ch. 3 - Two moles of helium gas axe placed in a...Ch. 3 - An amount of n moles of a monatomic ideal gas in a...Ch. 3 - The temperature of an ideal monatomic gas rises by...Ch. 3 - For a temperature increase of 10 at constant...Ch. 3 - If the gases of the preceding problem are...Ch. 3 - Consider 0.40 mol of dilute carbon dioxide at a...Ch. 3 - When 400 J of heat are slowly added to 10 mol of...Ch. 3 - One of a dilute diatomic gas occupying a volume of...Ch. 3 - A monatomic ideal gas undergoes a quasi-static...Ch. 3 - An ideal gas has a pressure of 0.50 atm and a...Ch. 3 - Pressure and volume measurements of a dilute gas...Ch. 3 - An ideal monatomic gas at 300 K expands...Ch. 3 - An ideal diatomic gas at 80 K is slowly compressed...Ch. 3 - An ideal diatomic gas at 80 K is slowly compressed...Ch. 3 - Compare the charge in internal energy of an ideal...Ch. 3 - The temperature of n moles of an ideal gas changes...Ch. 3 - A dilute gas expands quasi-statically to three...Ch. 3 - (a) An ideal gas expands adiabatically from a...Ch. 3 - On an adiabatic process of an ideal gas pressure,...Ch. 3 - Two moles of a monatomic ideal gas such as helium...Ch. 3 - Consider the process shown below. During steps AB...Ch. 3 - A car tile contains 0.0380 m3 of air at a pressure...Ch. 3 - A helium-filled toy balloon has a gauge pressure...Ch. 3 - Steam to drive an old-fashioned steam locomotive...Ch. 3 - A hand-driven tire pump has a piston with a...Ch. 3 - Calculate the net work output of a heat engine...Ch. 3 - What is the net work output of a heat engine that...Ch. 3 - Five moles of a monatomic ideal gas in a cylinder...Ch. 3 - Four moles of a monatomic ideal gas in a cylinder...Ch. 3 - Helium gas is cooled from 20 to 10 by expanding...Ch. 3 - In an adiabatic process, oxygen gas in a container...Ch. 3 - A cylinder containing three moles of a monatomic...Ch. 3 - A cylinder containing three moles of nitrogen gas...Ch. 3 - Two moles of a monatomic ideal gas such as oxygen...Ch. 3 - An insulated vessel contains 1.5 moles of argon at...Ch. 3 - One mole of an ideal monatomic gas occupies a...Ch. 3 - One mole of an ideal gas is initially in a chamber...Ch. 3 - A bullet of mass 10 g is traveling horizontally at...Ch. 3 - The insulated cylinder shown below is closed at...Ch. 3 - In a diesel engine, the fuel is ignited without a...

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