University Physics Volume 2
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781938168161
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 14CQ
Why are there two specific heats for gases
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A cylinder with a piston contains 0.153 mol of
nitrogen at a pressure of 1.83×105 Pa and a
temperature of 290 K. The nitrogen may be
treated as an ideal gas. The gas is first compressed
isobarically to half its original volume. It then
expands adiabatically back to its original volume,
and finally it is heated isochorically to its original
pressure.
Part A
Compute the temperature at the beginning of the adiabatic expansion.
Express your answer in kelvins.
ΕΠΙ ΑΣΦ
T₁ =
?
K
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Part B
Compute the temperature at the end of the adiabatic expansion.
Express your answer in kelvins.
Π ΑΣΦ
T₂ =
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Part C
Compute the minimum pressure.
Express your answer in pascals.
ΕΠΙ ΑΣΦ
P =
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?
?
K
Pa
Learning Goal:
To understand the meaning and the basic applications of
pV diagrams for an ideal gas.
As you know, the parameters of an ideal gas are
described by the equation
pV = nRT,
where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of
the gas, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas
constant, and T is the absolute temperature of the gas. It
follows that, for a portion of an ideal gas,
pV
= constant.
Τ
One can see that, if the amount of gas remains constant,
it is impossible to change just one parameter of the gas:
At least one more parameter would also change. For
instance, if the pressure of the gas is changed, we can
be sure that either the volume or the temperature of the
gas (or, maybe, both!) would also change.
To explore these changes, it is often convenient to draw a
graph showing one parameter as a function of the other.
Although there are many choices of axes, the most
common one is a plot of pressure as a function of
volume: a pV diagram.
In this problem, you…
Learning Goal:
To understand the meaning and the basic applications of
pV diagrams for an ideal gas.
As you know, the parameters of an ideal gas are
described by the equation
pV = nRT,
where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of
the gas, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas
constant, and T is the absolute temperature of the gas. It
follows that, for a portion of an ideal gas,
pV
= constant.
T
One can see that, if the amount of gas remains constant,
it is impossible to change just one parameter of the gas:
At least one more parameter would also change. For
instance, if the pressure of the gas is changed, we can
be sure that either the volume or the temperature of the
gas (or, maybe, both!) would also change.
To explore these changes, it is often convenient to draw a
graph showing one parameter as a function of the other.
Although there are many choices of axes, the most
common one is a plot of pressure as a function of
volume: a pV diagram.
In this problem, you…
Chapter 3 Solutions
University Physics Volume 2
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One notable...Ch. 3 - Why are there two specific heats for gases Cp and...Ch. 3 - Is it possible for to be smaller than unity? `Ch. 3 - Would you expect to be larger for a gas or a...Ch. 3 - There is no change in the internal of an ideal gas...Ch. 3 - Does a gas do any work when it expands...Ch. 3 - A gas follows on an isothermal curve, where p is...Ch. 3 - A mole of gas has isobaric expansion coefficient...Ch. 3 - Find the equation of state of a solid that has an...Ch. 3 - A gas at a pressure of 2.00 atm undergoes a...Ch. 3 - It takes 500 J of work to compress...Ch. 3 - It is found that, when a dilute gas expands...Ch. 3 - In a quasi-static isobaric expansion. 500 J of...Ch. 3 - When a gas undergoes a quasi-static isobaric...Ch. 3 - An ideal gas expands quasi-statically and...Ch. 3 - As shown below, calculate the work done by the gas...Ch. 3 - (a) Calculate the work done by the gas along the...Ch. 3 - An ideal gas expands quasi-statically to three...Ch. 3 - A dilute gas at a pressure of 2.0 atm and a volume...Ch. 3 - What is the average mechanical energy of the atoms...Ch. 3 - What is the internal energy of 6.00 mol of an...Ch. 3 - Calculate the internal energy of 15 mg of helium...Ch. 3 - Two monatomic ideal gases A and B are at the same...Ch. 3 - The van der Waals coefficients for oxygen are...Ch. 3 - Find the work done in the quasi-static processes...Ch. 3 - When a dilute gas expands quasi-statically from...Ch. 3 - In a quasi-static isobaric expansion, 500 J of...Ch. 3 - An ideal gas quasi-statically and isothermally...Ch. 3 - As shown below, if the heat absorbed by the gas...Ch. 3 - During the isobaric expansion from A to B...Ch. 3 - (a) What is the change in internal energy for the...Ch. 3 - When a gas expands along path AC shown below, it...Ch. 3 - When a gas expands along AB (see below), it does...Ch. 3 - A dilute gas is stored in the left chamber of a...Ch. 3 - Ideal gases A and B are stored in the left and...Ch. 3 - An ideal monatomic gas at a pressure of 2.0105N/m2...Ch. 3 - Consider the process for steam in a cylinder shown...Ch. 3 - The state of 30 moles of steam in a cylinder is...Ch. 3 - A monatomic ideal gas undergoes a quasi-static...Ch. 3 - A metallic container of fixed volume of 2.5103 m3...Ch. 3 - A gas in a cylindrical closed container is...Ch. 3 - Two moles of a monatomic ideal gas at (5 MPa, 5 L)...Ch. 3 - Consider a transformation from point A to B in a...Ch. 3 - Consider a cylinder with a movable piston...Ch. 3 - An ideal gas expands isothermally along AB and...Ch. 3 - Consider the processes shown below. In the...Ch. 3 - Two moles of helium gas axe placed in a...Ch. 3 - An amount of n moles of a monatomic ideal gas in a...Ch. 3 - The temperature of an ideal monatomic gas rises by...Ch. 3 - For a temperature increase of 10 at constant...Ch. 3 - If the gases of the preceding problem are...Ch. 3 - Consider 0.40 mol of dilute carbon dioxide at a...Ch. 3 - When 400 J of heat are slowly added to 10 mol of...Ch. 3 - One of a dilute diatomic gas occupying a volume of...Ch. 3 - A monatomic ideal gas undergoes a quasi-static...Ch. 3 - An ideal gas has a pressure of 0.50 atm and a...Ch. 3 - Pressure and volume measurements of a dilute gas...Ch. 3 - An ideal monatomic gas at 300 K expands...Ch. 3 - An ideal diatomic gas at 80 K is slowly compressed...Ch. 3 - An ideal diatomic gas at 80 K is slowly compressed...Ch. 3 - Compare the charge in internal energy of an ideal...Ch. 3 - The temperature of n moles of an ideal gas changes...Ch. 3 - A dilute gas expands quasi-statically to three...Ch. 3 - (a) An ideal gas expands adiabatically from a...Ch. 3 - On an adiabatic process of an ideal gas pressure,...Ch. 3 - Two moles of a monatomic ideal gas such as helium...Ch. 3 - Consider the process shown below. 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