Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321962751
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 3, Problem 12TYU
Summary Introduction

To justify:

Whether comparing the amino acid sequences of 2 living species would show the same degree of divergence.

Concept introduction:

Every function (dynamic) of a living organism depends on proteins. Approximately more than 50% of the dry mass of most of the cells is proteins. Proteins are biologically functional molecules that are comprised of 1 or more than 1 polypeptide, which are formed of the amino acid sequences.

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Molecular Biology Cytochrome c is a protein found in mitochondria. It is used in the study of evolutionary relationships because most animals have this protein. Cytochrome c is made of 104 amino acids joined together. Below is a list of the amino acids in part of a cytochrome protein molecule for 9 different animals. Any sequences exactly the same for all animals have been skipped. For each non-human animal, take a highlighter and mark any amino acids that are different than the human sequence. When you finish, record how many differences you found in the table on the next page. 42 43 44 46 47 49 50 53 54 55 56 57 Human Q A P Y S A K K Chicken A E F D K N K Horse Tuna Q A A F K K K K Q Frog A A F S D K N K G Shark A Q F T. D K K G Turtle A E F S E K N. K G Monkey A P Y А K K G Rabbit Q A V F S T. K N K G 58 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 100 101 102 103 104 Human G E D L M K A N E Chicken G E T. M E D A K Horse Tuna K N E E M A N IN K Frog G E E T. L M E S A S K Shark E R K A A S Turtle G E E T.…
Molecular Biology Cytochrome c is a protein found in mitochondria. It is used in the study of evolutionary relationships because most animals have this protein. Cytochrome c is made of 104 amino acids joined together. Below is a list of the amino acids in part of a cytochrome protein molecule for 9 different animals. Any sequences exactly the same for all animals have been skipped. For each non-human animal, take a highlighter and mark any amino acids that are different than the human sequence. When you finish, record how many differences you found in the table on the next page. 42 43 44 46 47 49 50 53 54 55 56 57 Human A Y S T. А K N G Chicken Q A E S T. K K G Horse A P D K N K G Tuna Q E F Frog A А S D K N K G Shark A Q T. D K S K Turtle Q A E F K N K G Monkey Q А Y T. K Rabbit Q А V F D K N K G 58 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 100 101 102 103 104 Human G E D M E K A T N E Chicken G E D M D A Horse T K E E T L M E K A T N E Tuna V E T L R E K Frog T. G E T L M E S A K Shark Q E L R K A A…
The total number of possible amino acid sequences in a polypeptide chain is staggering. Given that there are 20 amino acids, potentially there could be20100 different amino acid sequences just for polypeptides only 100 amino acids in length. However, the actual number of different polypeptides occurring in organisms is only a tiny fraction of this potential. What insight does this finding provide into the evolutionary process?

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Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)

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