Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321962751
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 3.1, Problem 4CC
Summary Introduction
To draw:
The structure where, from a cysteine molecule, the NH2 group is replaced with a COOH (carboxyl) group. Also, determine how this change would alter the chemical properties and state whether the central carbon atomis asymmetric after or before the alteration.
Concept introduction:
Amino acids are the molecules that are organic and consist of both the carboxyl and amino groups.
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The figure below illustrates the molecular structures of two fatty acids.
A
B
H₂C
The structural formula of erucic acid and behenic acid
с
H₂C
D
erucic acid
behenic acid
Which of the following best explains why erucic acid is liquid at room temperature but behenic acid is solid at
room temperature?
O
OH
The presence of a double carbon to carbon bond in erucic acid prevents the molecule
from packing closely together.
The lack of any double carbon-carbon bonds in behenic acid causes the molecule to be
come polar and therefore packed more tightly.
The larger number of carbon atoms in erucic acid prevents the molecule from packing
tightly together.
OH
The smaller number of carbon atoms in behenic acid creates stronger covalent bonds
between the carbon atoms allowing for them to pack more tightly together.
Consider the following Newman projection:
CH3
Br
CH3
Br
Br
What word or two-word phrase describes this conformation?
How many Br atoms are eclipsed by the CH3 group on the front carbon?
How many CH3 groups are gauche to the CH3 group on the front carbon?
How many Br atoms are anti to the CH3 group on the front carbon?
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DRAW IT Suppose you had an organic molecule suchas cysteine (see Figure 4.9, sulfhydryl group example),and you chemically removed the —NH2 group andreplaced it with —COOH. Draw this structure. Howwould this change the chemical properties of themolecule? Is the central carbon asymmetric beforethe change? After?
Chapter 3 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
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