Chapter 27, Problem 29E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of the product obtained by the reaction between propene and hydrogen gas in the presence of metal catalyst should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The addition on the alkene is the electrophilic addition reaction. In this reaction, electrophile reacts with carbon-carbon double of the alkene which results in the formation of alkane.

The hydrogenation of alkenes is the electrophilic addition reaction, in which adds hydrogen to the carbon-carbon double of the alkene in order to form an alkane.

A nucleophile is the Lewis base that donates an electron pair to form a covalent bond with the electrophile.

An electrophile is the Lewis acid that accepts the electron to form a bond with the nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of the product obtained upon heating $\text{butan-2-ol}$ in the presence of sulfuric acid should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The preparation of alkene is the type of elimination reaction.

The $\text{E1}$ is the unimolecular elimination reaction, the order of the reaction is one. In this reaction, loss of leaving groups to form a carbocation as intermediate in the presence of heat. The rearrangement of carbocation takes place.

The $\text{E2}$ is the bimolecular elimination reaction, the order of the reaction is two. In this reaction, base extracts the proton adjacent to the leaving group in the presence of strong heat.

A nucleophile is the Lewis base that donates an electron pair to form a covalent bond with the electrophile. An electrophile is the Lewis acid that accepts the electron to form a bond with the nucleophile.

The good leaving groups are the weak base. They can be an anion or neutral molecule.