Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The curved-arrow mechanism for the lysozyme-catalyzed oligosaccharide hydrolysis at
Concept introduction:
Enzymes are the biological catalyst. They are used to increase the
(b)
Interpretation:
The reaction between the
Concept introduction:
Enzymes are the biological catalyst. They are used to increase the rate of reactions which are occurring in a biological system. Enzymes are proteinous in nature. Enzymes have several free functional groups in them which can act as active sites of enzymes.
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Organic Chemistry Study Guide and Solutions
- Suggest how you could distinguish a sample of glucose from a sample of maltose using Benedict’s reagent. [Hint: maltose is a disaccharide reducing sugar].arrow_forwardArabinoxylan is a copolymer of arabinose and xylose-two five-carbon sugars. A portion of the polysaccharide is shown here. (a) Identify and classify each glycosidic linkage. (b) Based on the structure, do you think arabinoxylan functions as a storage polysaccharide or a structural polysaccharide? Explain your reasoning. HOH,C. OH Но OH OH но но OH Но LO. Но HOH,C HOH2C НО OH OH CH,OHarrow_forwardDraw the structure of: (a) a polysaccharide formed by joining D-mannose units in 1->4-ß-glycosidic linkages; (b) a polysaccharide formed by joining D-glucose units in 1->6-a-glycosidic linkages. The polysaccharide in (b) is dextran, a component of dental plaque.arrow_forward
- Suppose you have two simple sugars, D-arabinose and L-tagatose. Both sugars cyclize and form a non-reducing disaccharide with the glycosidic bond oriented in the alpha position relative to each monosaccharide's structure. Give the full biochemical name for this disaccharide.arrow_forwardb) Disaccharide E is a reducing sugar. It is hydrolyzed by an α-glycosidase enzyme, which means it contains an α- glycoside link. Treatment of E with Ag2O and excess Mel gives an octamethyl derivative F. Hydrolysis of F in dilute aqueous acid gives the pair of molecules shown below. Write the structures of E and F. (If the stereochemistry at a particular carbon is not determined by the above data, indicate this with a wavy line as shown below.) HO OMe OMe Is is MeO MeO MOH OMe mOH OMe OMearrow_forwardWhich of the following saccharides has INCORRECT paired description/s? * D-mannose: Monosaccharide: Prevents UTI Cellobiose: Disaccharide: With 2 glucose units Heparin: Acidic polysaccharide: Blood coagulant N-acetyl-galactosamine: Amino sugar: Present in type-A blood Keratin sulfate: Structural Polysaccharide: Most heterogenous GAGSarrow_forward
- Monosaccharides are cyclic hemiacetals that can react with alcohols to form acetals. The bond between the anomeric carbon atom of the monosaccharide and the oxygen atom of the -OR group is called a glycosidic bond. The name of the linkage contains the designation alpha (a) or beta (B) (from the anomeric carbon in the glycosidic bond) and the carbon numbers for the carbons from the two sugars. For this example, the linkage is an a-1,4 glycosidic bond. Н НО HO اب تاب است H OH H OH -OH Н Н OH H + OH HO a anomer CH₂OH H Н H О OH H2C OH Н H Classify the glycosidic linkage in the disaccharide. Н OH Н H OH OH OH - HO Н H HO OH OH Н CH₂OH H -OH H OH он H H -OH Н OH an a glycosidic bond Н OH + H2O о о о о В-1,6 a-1,6 a-1,1 B-1,5 I DON'T KNOW YET submitarrow_forwardRegarding 4-O- (α-D-psychofuranosyl) -β-D-allopyranose. Please indicate the RIGHT alternative: (a) The disaccharide reacts with CH3OH in an acid medium to form a glycoside that cannot be oxidized with HNO3. (b) It is a reducing disaccharide only in basic medium. (c) In the structure there is only one glycosidic bond that is of the type β 1-O-4 ' (d) The hydrolysis products of this disaccharide do not show mutarrotation. (e) The disaccharide structure contains two six-membered rings.arrow_forwardCellobiose, a disaccharide obtained by the hydrolysis of cellulose, is composed of two glucose units joined together in a 1→4-β-glycoside bond. What is the structure of cellobiose?arrow_forward
- Draw the structure of the disaccharide maltose (-D-glucopyranosyl (1→4)-D-glucopyranose). Indicate with arrows the reducing end and the acetal functional group.arrow_forwardCompound A is a D-aldopentose that can be oxidized to an optically inactive aldaric acid B. On Kiliani-Fischer chain extension, A is converted into C and D; C can be oxidized to an optically active aldaric acid E, but D is oxidized to an optically inactive aldaric acid F. What is the structure of compound F? • Use the wedge/hash bond tools to indicate stereochemistry where it exists. You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms. If a group is achiral, do not use wedged or hashed bonds on it. • Show stereochemistry in a meso compound. • Do not include lone pairs in your answer. They will not be considered in the grading.arrow_forwardJust little explanation Asap Thanksarrow_forward
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