Chapter 27, Problem 27.70AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

Sodium cyanoborohydride is a strong reducing agent. It will reduce the imine formed into the corresponding amine group. The hydride ion of sodium cyano borohydride acts as a nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

Acyl nucleophilic substitution reaction takes place at the acyl carbon of the anhydride. The lone pair of the nitrogen atom of amino group of the side chain of lysine acts as nucleophile. The carbonyl carbon of the succinic anhydride acts as the electrophilic centre.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

The cysteine residue of the amino acid contains side chain $\text{-SH}$ group. The $\text{-SH}$ group gets ionized in the $\text{pH>5}$. The thionate group thus formed will act as nucleophile. The electrophilic conjugate addition reaction takes place at the maleimide carbon-carbon double bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

The carbonyl carbon of Carboxylic acid acts as the electrophilic centre. The glycine nitrogen posses lone pair which acts as nucleophile. The nucleophilic substitution reaction takes place between both groups.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

The reaction of amine group with the sodium nitrite results in the formation of dizonium salt. The diazonium salt gives electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The tyrosine residue contains phenol $\text{-OH}$ group which activating group so the reaction takes place at ortho or para position.