Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260494570
Author: Raven, Peter
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Chapter 26, Problem 2S
Summary Introduction
To find: The greater threat to human health among antigenic drift in influenza viruses or antigenic shift in influenza virus.
Introduction: The diseases caused by viral infections are categorized into acute or persistent infections. This classification is based on how the viruses are produced rapidly and frequently and on the appearance of the associated symptoms.
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Compare and contrast antigenic drift and antigenic shift in influenza viruses.
c) Discuss 'antigenic drift' and 'antigenic shift' in the influenza virus and explain how such
mutations can result in an epidemic.
Why might you expect an influenza epidemic to be more severe following an antigenic shift in the virus rather than after antigenic drift?
Chapter 26 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 26.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 26.3 - Describe how viruses can contribute DNA to their...Ch. 26.4 - Describe the differences between acute and...Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 26.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 1LO
Ch. 26 - Prob. 1UCh. 26 - Prob. 2UCh. 26 - Prob. 3UCh. 26 - Prob. 4UCh. 26 - Why is a drug that blocks HIV binding to one of...Ch. 26 - Prob. 6UCh. 26 - Prob. 7UCh. 26 - Prob. 1ACh. 26 - Prob. 2ACh. 26 - Prob. 3ACh. 26 - Prob. 4ACh. 26 - Prob. 5ACh. 26 - Prob. 6ACh. 26 - Prob. 7ACh. 26 - E. coli lysogens derived from infection by phage ...Ch. 26 - Prob. 2SCh. 26 - Prob. 3SCh. 26 - Prob. 4SCh. 26 - Prob. 5S
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- Compare Influenza A, Influenza B, SARS-Cov2, and a common cold virus. Include: Structure (Envelope? Spikes? Genome? Entry and exit mechanism?) What is the specific antigen on the virus that the immune system recognizes? How does it spread? What are the symptoms? What causes the seasonality? How to prevent infection?arrow_forwardFrom: "Towards a universal flu vaccine" Researchers are trying to create a universal influenza vaccine - one that can confer immunity to all, or nearly all, strains of influenza virus. The universal vaccine will target a stable antigen that is present on all influenza viruses that does not readily mutate to different forms. The target researchers are focusing on as a universal stable antigen is on the... O The H spike head. O H spike neck O N spike O Viral envelopearrow_forwardAn outbreak of Ebola between 2014 and 2016 resulted in 28,616 cases and 11,310 deaths in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone. An additional 36 cases and 15 deaths were reported outside these 3 countries. This deadly disease urged the need for extensive research on Ebola to better understand and treat the disease and prevent future outbreaks. Ebola is a - SSRNA virus. What does this mean for how it is converted into proteins? Does this virus require additional machinery to be infectious? Can you hypothesize based on how it replicates in the cell what scientists might hope to target for treatment or prevention of Ebola?arrow_forward
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- What is the Coronavirus? Is it a living organism? How does it reproduce? The current vaccines that are being distributed in the United States are made by Pfizer, Moderna, and Johnson and Johnson. Explain how they work and how health officials believe they will aid in the pandemic? What should we expect as more and more people get vaccinated? Will things immediately go back to the way they were before? What is the Delta variant and how is it impeding on getting things back to "normal"?arrow_forwardThis article highlights a young doctor at Elmhurst Hospital during the beginning of Covid-19 pandemic. Dr. Zikry is quoted as saying: “It’s become very clear to me what a socioeconomic disease this is...”. In addition, the textbook discusses the personal variables and socioeconomic status (SES) that are used to find patterns in disease (pp.112-118). What do you think Dr. Zikry meant by referring to the SES of his patients? Why was it important to find a pattern of personal variables and SES among the of victims of Covid-19 at the beginning of the pandemic?arrow_forwardHow do RNA viruses, such as HIV and SARS-CoV-2, achieve high mutation rates and rapid evolution, and what are the implications of this for the development of effective vaccines and antiviral therapies?arrow_forward
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