Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260494570
Author: Raven, Peter
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Chapter 26, Problem 6U
Summary Introduction
Introduction: HIV refers to the human immunodeficiency virus that causesacquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) in humans. This virus attacks the immune system of the body and interferes with the body’s ability to fight against infections.
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Chapter 26 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 26.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 26.3 - Describe how viruses can contribute DNA to their...Ch. 26.4 - Describe the differences between acute and...Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 26.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 1LO
Ch. 26 - Prob. 1UCh. 26 - Prob. 2UCh. 26 - Prob. 3UCh. 26 - Prob. 4UCh. 26 - Why is a drug that blocks HIV binding to one of...Ch. 26 - Prob. 6UCh. 26 - Prob. 7UCh. 26 - Prob. 1ACh. 26 - Prob. 2ACh. 26 - Prob. 3ACh. 26 - Prob. 4ACh. 26 - Prob. 5ACh. 26 - Prob. 6ACh. 26 - Prob. 7ACh. 26 - E. coli lysogens derived from infection by phage ...Ch. 26 - Prob. 2SCh. 26 - Prob. 3SCh. 26 - Prob. 4SCh. 26 - Prob. 5S
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- The use of multiple drugs in HAART to treat AIDS has a. completely removed the virus from infected individuals. b. reduced the viral level in the bloodstream to undetectable levels. c. been a complete failure. d. been supplanted by the new HIV vaccine.arrow_forwardBrefiefly summarize how each type of vaccine triggers an immune response (Remeber that the immune system responds specifically to antigens) A. Inactive whole virus b. Antigen proteins c. mRNA (genetic instructions) d. DNA (genetic instructiions)arrow_forwardA researcher discovers that a breed of rabbits have antibodies that can neutralize HIV. The researcher decides to extract the antibody concentrated plasma and deliver it to a patient with HIV. What would you likely expect to see? a. The HIV patient will now have a fighting chance to eliminate HIV as the antibodies will not discriminate and bind to the same viral antigenic determinants. b. The HIV patient will form antibodies against the rabbit serum antibodies. c. The rabbit antibodies will opsonize the HIV antigenic determinants on the MHC II. d. The rabbit antibodies will never work because HIV in humans are different than HIV in rabbits.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is a trait that both HPV and HIV share? A.Both have an RNA genome B.Both undergo reverse transcription C.Both integrate into the genome D.Both can cause cancerarrow_forwardWhich of the following virus does not use CXCR4 as a receptor? a. HIV-2 b. SIV c. poliovirus d. HIV-1arrow_forwardWhat do Creutzfeldt-Jakob and mad cow disease have in common?a. Both are fatal diseases.b. Both are caused by prions.c. Both cause spongiform changes in the brain.d. All of these are correct.arrow_forward
- What type of virus is more vulnerable to being inactivated? a. Non-enveloped b. enveloped viruses c. RNA viruses d. DNA virusesarrow_forwardSome individuals are immune-compromised because their bodies do not make enough T-cells. What is the difference between a T-cell and any other cell type in the body? a. T-cells have different genomes than cells of other types b. T-cells have different genes than cells of other types c. T-cells have different proteins than cells of other typesarrow_forwardWhich of the following is the most likely explanation for an individual who lacks CCR5 as a result of a homozygous defect in the CCR5 gene becoming infected with HIV? a. The mutated CCR5 genes reverted to the normal form, rendering macrophages susceptible to macrophagetropic HIV variants. b. The macrophage-tropic HIV variant entered host cells using CD4 alone. c. The viral nucleic acid alone was taken up by cells, as in cell transformation by bacterial DNA. d. The individual had received a transplant of HIV-infected cells expressing normal CCR5. e. The primary infection involved a lymphocyte-tropic strain of HIV that used CXCR4 as its co-receptor.arrow_forward
- Prior to entry, the _________ glycoprotein of the HIV virus recognizes the ______ receptor on the surface of the macrophage. a. CCR5; gp120 b. CXCR4; CCR5 c. CD4; CCR5 d. gp120; CD4arrow_forwardIdentify the statement that does not provide accurate evidence as to why HIV is so lethal. a. During the course of infection, HIV increases immune activation by altering intestinal physiology to let more microbes into the blood supply. b. Immune evasion increases in many infections due to HIV virions evolving new and unrecognizable epitopes (antigens). c. In many individuals the virus population evolves to use different receptors to gain access to a greater diversity of host immune cells. d. HIV causes enhanced replication and proliferation of T cells, which allows the immune system to work better at defending against pathogens.arrow_forwardHow are neutrophils targeted from the blood vessels to the sites of inflammation? A. they bind to antigens presented by infected vascular endothelial cells B. they respond to signaling molecules released at the site of inflammation C. they are attracted to DNA or RNA fragments leaking into the blood vessel at sites of inflammation D. they sense nearby disturbances in the body's physiologyarrow_forward
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