Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260494570
Author: Raven, Peter
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Chapter 26, Problem 1A
Summary Introduction
Introduction: HIV refers to the human immunodeficiency virus that causesacquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) in humans. This virus attacks the immune system of the body and interferes with the body’s ability to fight against infections.
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To infect their specific host cells, viruses go through these chronological steps EXCEPT
a.
Release of progeny viruses
b.
Absorption and penetration of the viral particles
c.
Uncoating of the nucleic acid of the viral particles
d.
Synthesis and assembly of viral particle components
Which of the following most directly causes the symptoms experienced by a person who is infected with a coronavirus, such as SARS-CoV-2?
A. The virus eating the cells of the respiratory tract
B. Viral spikes poking holes in lung cells
C. Immune response of the host
The coronavirus is named for it’s crown or “corona” in Latin which is made of
A.jewels
b.protein spikes
c.cilia
Chapter 26 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 26.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 26.3 - Describe how viruses can contribute DNA to their...Ch. 26.4 - Describe the differences between acute and...Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 26.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 1LO
Ch. 26 - Prob. 1UCh. 26 - Prob. 2UCh. 26 - Prob. 3UCh. 26 - Prob. 4UCh. 26 - Why is a drug that blocks HIV binding to one of...Ch. 26 - Prob. 6UCh. 26 - Prob. 7UCh. 26 - Prob. 1ACh. 26 - Prob. 2ACh. 26 - Prob. 3ACh. 26 - Prob. 4ACh. 26 - Prob. 5ACh. 26 - Prob. 6ACh. 26 - Prob. 7ACh. 26 - E. coli lysogens derived from infection by phage ...Ch. 26 - Prob. 2SCh. 26 - Prob. 3SCh. 26 - Prob. 4SCh. 26 - Prob. 5S
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- Virus spikes are commonly associated with which of the following? a. Non enveloped viruses b. Glycoproteins c. Lipids from the host cell membrane d. Inability to cause hemaglutinationarrow_forwardExplain HIV is so difficult to treat. Why antiviral medication is a cocktail/mixture of different antiviral medications and how might they work to fight off the infection?arrow_forwardWhich pertains to the immune response of a woman who has just inhaled a coronavirus to which she has no immunity. A.an immune response will begin once the antigen enters lymphoid tissues as the lymph nodes B. IgA directed toward this coronavirus will be immediately present in respiratory secretions C. each Ab produced against an epitope of the coronavirus will have identical binding sites D. only B lymphocytes will be capable of responding to the coronavirus E. only IgM will be produced in the initial response.arrow_forward
- Consider the events that occur in HIV infection. I. HIV undergoes molecular self assembly.II. The protein gp120 binds to CD4.III. The HIV genome is incorporated into the host cell genome.IV. Reverse transcriptase is activated.V. The lipid envelope of HIV fuses with the T cell membrane. What is the correct sequence of the numbered events? I > III > V > IV > II IV > II > I > V > III II > V > IV > III > I III > I > II > IV > Varrow_forwardwith HIV, explain the mechanism of intracellular infection and the role of reverse transcriptase. What would you explain about the process? What is the significance of the CD4+ count? ( Discuss the meaning of various ranges of CD4 counts.) List 5 opportunistic infections AND describe data to suggest whether or not a patient has such an infection.arrow_forwardDefine the following terms: a. virus b. virion c. capsid d. retrovirus e. enveloped virusarrow_forward
- Identify the mismatched pair. a. CXCR4: lymphocyte tropic b. exogenous retrovirus: originates outside host’s body c. infectious virion production: activated CD4 T cells d. tat: controls export of transcripts from the nucleus e. lentivirus: long incubation period f. CCR5: macrophage tropic.arrow_forwardA number of retroviruses can infect certain human cells. List two of them, briefly describe the medical implications resulting from these infections, and describe why only certain cells are infected.arrow_forwardWhat is the significance of negative strand synthesis of positive a ssRNA virus? a. Loss of Function b. Transcription of negative and positive strands c. Ensures that mutations are less likely to occur to the genetic material d. Acts as complementary template for the positive strandarrow_forward
- a. Which type of viruses can be directly used for translation? a) dsRNA b) Positive ssRNA c) Retroviruses d) Negative ssRNA b. An antiviral drug specifically modifies viral receptors on a eukaryotic host cell. How might this affect the viral reproductive cycle? It would enhance the process of viral apoptosis It would result in the degeneration of the viral capsid It would facilitate the process of viral endocytosis It would prevent the virus from attaching to the host cellarrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT used to treat active viral disease? a. Vaccines b. Antiviral drugs c. Antibiotics d. Phage therapyarrow_forwardWhich of the following cells are primarily targeted by HIV?a. Nerve cells.b. Helper T celIs.c. Phagocytes.d. Cytotoxic T cells.arrow_forward
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