Chapter 25, Problem 60A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The equation for the beta decay of the isotope $\text{S}\text{r}$ is to be written.

Concept Interpretation:

Strontium $\text{-90}$ is the most prevalent radioactive type of strontium created by humans ( $\text{Sr-90}$ ). Nuclear fission is used to commercially manufacture strontium $\text{-90}$ .

Answer to Problem 60A

  $\text{S}\text{r}\to \text{Y}\text{+}\text{e}$

Explanation of Solution

To write a nuclear reaction for this type of radioactive decay, recall that beta radiation is the emission of an electron because a neutron breaks apart into a proton. Make sure the atomic number and mass number of the reactants equal the atomic number and mass number of the products.

  $\text{S}\text{r}\to \text{Y}\text{+}\text{e}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Equation for the beta decay of the isotope $\text{C}$

Concept Interpretation:

Carbon $\text{-14}$ , the longest-lived radioactive isotope of carbon, whose decay allows the accurate dating of archaeological artifacts.

Answer to Problem 60A

  $\text{C}\to \text{N}\text{+}\text{e}$

Explanation of Solution

To write a nuclear reaction for this type of radioactive decay, recall that beta radiation is the emission of an electron because a neutron breaks apart into a proton. Make sure the atomic number and mass number of the reactants equal the atomic number and mass number of the products.

  $\text{C}\to \text{N}\text{+}\text{e}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Equation for the beta decay of the isotope $\text{C}\text{s}$

Concept Interpretation:

The medium-energy gamma rays and, to a lesser extent, the high-energy beta particles that are emitted by a Cs-137 atom break molecules in cells and deposit energy in tissues, causing harm.

Answer to Problem 60A

  $\text{C}\text{s}\to \text{B}\text{a+}\text{e}$

Explanation of Solution

To write a nuclear reaction for this type of radioactive decay, recall that beta radiation is the emission of an electron because a neutron breaks apart into a proton. Make sure the atomic number and mass number of the reactants equal the atomic number and mass number of the products.

  $\text{C}\text{s}\to \text{B}\text{a+}\text{e}$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Equation for the beta decay of the isotope $\text{N}\text{p}$

Concept Interpretation:

The actinide series transuranium element neptunium $\text{-239}$ was the first transuranium element to be synthesized. This isotope decays into plutonium $\text{-239}$ , which has a half-life of $\text{24,000}$ years, over the course of $\text{2}\text{.3565}$ days.

Answer to Problem 60A

  $\text{N}\text{p}\to \text{P}\text{u+}\text{e}$

Explanation of Solution

To write a nuclear reaction for this type of radioactive decay, recall that beta radiation is the emission of an electron because a neutron breaks apart into a proton. Make sure the atomic number and mass number of the reactants equal the atomic number and mass number of the products.

  $\text{N}\text{p}\to \text{P}\text{u+}\text{e}$

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Equation for the beta decay of the isotope $\text{T}\text{i}$

Concept Interpretation:

Since titanium metal adheres well to the bone, it has been used in surgical procedures for tooth implants and joint replacements, particularly the hip.

Answer to Problem 60A

  $\text{T}\text{i}\to \text{P}\text{u+}\text{e}$

Explanation of Solution

To write a nuclear reaction for this type of radioactive decay, recall that beta radiation is the emission of an electron because a neutron breaks apart into a proton. Make sure the atomic number and mass number of the reactants equal the atomic number and mass number of the products.

  $\text{T}\text{i}\to \text{P}\text{u+}\text{e}$