Chapter 25, Problem 113A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The question is to match the numbered items with each given term.

Concept Introduction: A biomolecule called a carbohydrate is made up of the atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Natural chemical substances called nucleic acids are the main information-transporting molecules in organisms. Fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins, monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and other naturally occurring molecules are included in the large class of molecules known as lipids. Proteins are chemical molecules found in living things that perform a variety of tasks, such as organisation, transportation, and defence.

Answer to Problem 113A

The matched items are:

(1) Carbohydrates	(c) Monosaccharides (e) Sugars
(2) Nucleic acid	(f) DNA (h) Genetic code
(3 Lipid	(b) Fat (g) Saponification (j) Triglyceride
(4) Protein	(a) Amino acids (d) Peptide bonds (i) Enzymes

Explanation of Solution

Given information:

Left column	Right column
a. amino acid b. fat c. monosaccharide d. peptide bond e. sugar f. DNA g. saponification h. genetic code i. enzyme i. triglyceride	(1) carbohydrate (2) nucleic acid (3) lipid (4) protein

Amino acid building blocks, which are the basis of proteins, are linked together in intricate patterns.

Fatty, waxy, or oily molecules are referred to as lipids. They are soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in polar solvents like water.

The most fundamental building blocks from which all carbohydrates are constructed are monosaccharides, commonly known as simple sugars. They are the most basic types of sugar.

Carbohydrates are largely made up of sugars. Their name is derived from the elements that make them up: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (thus carbo-hydrate).

The information cells require to build proteins is encoded in deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA.

When lipids react with an alkali, they hydrolyze, which creates glycerol and fatty acid salts. This process is known as saponification.

The genetic code, which is the arrangement of nucleotides in DNA and RNA and controls the order of amino acids in proteins.

Proteins called enzymes are made up of amino acids connected by one or more polypeptide chains.

Triglycerides (TGs) are nonpolar lipid molecules made up of three fatty acid (FA) molecules linked to a glycerol molecule.

Conclusion

Hence, the numbered items are matched with each given term.