The products formed in the given set of transformation need to be predicted. Concept introduction: α -bromination of carboxylic acid in presence of bromine and a catalytic amount of phosphorous tribromide to form α -bromocarboxylic acid is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction. The formed α -bromocarboxylic acid when treated with ammonia gives α -aminocarboxylic acid as the product.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 25, Problem 59PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products formed in the given set of transformation need to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

α -bromination of carboxylic acid in presence of bromine and a catalytic amount of phosphorous tribromide to form α -bromocarboxylic acid is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction. The formed α -bromocarboxylic acid when treated with ammonia gives α -aminocarboxylic acid as the product.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Strecker synthesis is a process in which the aldehyde reacts with ammonium chloride and alkali cyanide to form α -aminonitrile. The formed α -aminonitrile is undergoes hydrolysis to give the respective amino acids. The general scheme can be shown as,

Steps involved in Strecker synthesis are,

Protonation of carbonyl

Nucleophilic attack of ammonia to form imine

Attack of cyanide to form α -aminonitrile

Hydrolysis to give α -aminoacid

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Amidomalonate synthesis is a process in which a halide is converted to an amino acid with two new carbon atoms (comes from amidomalonate). By use of this method a new alkyl groups can be introduced. A general scheme of this synthesis is shown below,

Steps involved in amidomalonater synthesis are,

Deprotonation of α carbon in amidomalonate

Alkylation of enolate

Hydrolysis of ester using aqueous acid

Decarboxylation at high temperature

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1,4-Dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene can undergo 1,2- or 1,4-addition with hydrogen halides. (a) 1,2-Addition i. Draw the carbocation intermediate(s) formed during the 1,2-addition of hydrobromic acid to 1,4-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene. ii. What is the major 1,2-addition product formed during the reaction in (i)? (b) 1,4-Addition i. Draw the carbocation intermediate(s) formed during the 1,4-addition of hydrobromic acid to 1,4-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene. ii. What is the major 1,4-addition product formed from the reaction in (i)? (c) What is the kinetic product from the reaction of one mole of hydrobromic acid with 1,4-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene? Explain your reasoning. (d) What is the thermodynamic product from the reaction of one mole of hydrobro-mic acid with 1,4-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene? Explain your reasoning. (e) What major product will result when 1,4-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene is treated with one mole of hydrobromic acid at - 78 deg * C ? Explain your reasoning.

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Five isomeric alkenes. A through each undergo catalytic hydrogenation to give 2-methylpentane The IR spectra of these five alkenes have the key absorptions (in cm Compound Compound A –912. (§), 994 (5), 1643 (%), 3077 (1) Compound B 833 (3), 1667 (W), 3050 (weak shoulder on C-Habsorption) Compound C Compound D) –714 (5), 1665 (w), 3010 (m) 885 (3), 1650 (m), 3086 (m) 967 (5), no aharption 1600 to 1700, 3040 (m) Compound K Match each compound to the data presented. Compound A Compound B Compound C Compound D Compound

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 25, Problem 59PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products formed in the given set of transformation need to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

α -bromination of carboxylic acid in presence of bromine and a catalytic amount of phosphorous tribromide to form α -bromocarboxylic acid is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction. The formed α -bromocarboxylic acid when treated with ammonia gives α -aminocarboxylic acid as the product.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Strecker synthesis is a process in which the aldehyde reacts with ammonium chloride and alkali cyanide to form α -aminonitrile. The formed α -aminonitrile is undergoes hydrolysis to give the respective amino acids. The general scheme can be shown as,

Steps involved in Strecker synthesis are,

Protonation of carbonyl

Nucleophilic attack of ammonia to form imine

Attack of cyanide to form α -aminonitrile

Hydrolysis to give α -aminoacid

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Amidomalonate synthesis is a process in which a halide is converted to an amino acid with two new carbon atoms (comes from amidomalonate). By use of this method a new alkyl groups can be introduced. A general scheme of this synthesis is shown below,

Steps involved in amidomalonater synthesis are,

Deprotonation of α carbon in amidomalonate

Alkylation of enolate

Hydrolysis of ester using aqueous acid

Decarboxylation at high temperature

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 25, Problem 59PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products formed in the given set of transformation need to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

α -bromination of carboxylic acid in presence of bromine and a catalytic amount of phosphorous tribromide to form α -bromocarboxylic acid is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction. The formed α -bromocarboxylic acid when treated with ammonia gives α -aminocarboxylic acid as the product.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Strecker synthesis is a process in which the aldehyde reacts with ammonium chloride and alkali cyanide to form α -aminonitrile. The formed α -aminonitrile is undergoes hydrolysis to give the respective amino acids. The general scheme can be shown as,

Steps involved in Strecker synthesis are,

Protonation of carbonyl

Nucleophilic attack of ammonia to form imine

Attack of cyanide to form α -aminonitrile

Hydrolysis to give α -aminoacid

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Amidomalonate synthesis is a process in which a halide is converted to an amino acid with two new carbon atoms (comes from amidomalonate). By use of this method a new alkyl groups can be introduced. A general scheme of this synthesis is shown below,

Steps involved in amidomalonater synthesis are,

Deprotonation of α carbon in amidomalonate

Alkylation of enolate

Hydrolysis of ester using aqueous acid

Decarboxylation at high temperature

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 25, Problem 59PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products formed in the given set of transformation need to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

α -bromination of carboxylic acid in presence of bromine and a catalytic amount of phosphorous tribromide to form α -bromocarboxylic acid is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction. The formed α -bromocarboxylic acid when treated with ammonia gives α -aminocarboxylic acid as the product.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Strecker synthesis is a process in which the aldehyde reacts with ammonium chloride and alkali cyanide to form α -aminonitrile. The formed α -aminonitrile is undergoes hydrolysis to give the respective amino acids. The general scheme can be shown as,

Steps involved in Strecker synthesis are,

Protonation of carbonyl

Nucleophilic attack of ammonia to form imine

Attack of cyanide to form α -aminonitrile

Hydrolysis to give α -aminoacid

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Amidomalonate synthesis is a process in which a halide is converted to an amino acid with two new carbon atoms (comes from amidomalonate). By use of this method a new alkyl groups can be introduced. A general scheme of this synthesis is shown below,

Steps involved in amidomalonater synthesis are,

Deprotonation of α carbon in amidomalonate

Alkylation of enolate

Hydrolysis of ester using aqueous acid

Decarboxylation at high temperature

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 25, Problem 59PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products formed in the given set of transformation need to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

α -bromination of carboxylic acid in presence of bromine and a catalytic amount of phosphorous tribromide to form α -bromocarboxylic acid is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction. The formed α -bromocarboxylic acid when treated with ammonia gives α -aminocarboxylic acid as the product.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Strecker synthesis is a process in which the aldehyde reacts with ammonium chloride and alkali cyanide to form α -aminonitrile. The formed α -aminonitrile is undergoes hydrolysis to give the respective amino acids. The general scheme can be shown as,

Steps involved in Strecker synthesis are,

Protonation of carbonyl

Nucleophilic attack of ammonia to form imine

Attack of cyanide to form α -aminonitrile

Hydrolysis to give α -aminoacid

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Amidomalonate synthesis is a process in which a halide is converted to an amino acid with two new carbon atoms (comes from amidomalonate). By use of this method a new alkyl groups can be introduced. A general scheme of this synthesis is shown below,

Steps involved in amidomalonater synthesis are,

Deprotonation of α carbon in amidomalonate

Alkylation of enolate

Hydrolysis of ester using aqueous acid

Decarboxylation at high temperature

Answer 6

Chapter 25, Problem 59PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products formed in the given set of transformation need to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

α -bromination of carboxylic acid in presence of bromine and a catalytic amount of phosphorous tribromide to form α -bromocarboxylic acid is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction. The formed α -bromocarboxylic acid when treated with ammonia gives α -aminocarboxylic acid as the product.

Answer 7

Chapter 25, Problem 59PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products formed in the given set of transformation need to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

α -bromination of carboxylic acid in presence of bromine and a catalytic amount of phosphorous tribromide to form α -bromocarboxylic acid is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction. The formed α -bromocarboxylic acid when treated with ammonia gives α -aminocarboxylic acid as the product.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Strecker synthesis is a process in which the aldehyde reacts with ammonium chloride and alkali cyanide to form α -aminonitrile. The formed α -aminonitrile is undergoes hydrolysis to give the respective amino acids. The general scheme can be shown as,

Steps involved in Strecker synthesis are,

Protonation of carbonyl

Nucleophilic attack of ammonia to form imine

Attack of cyanide to form α -aminonitrile

Hydrolysis to give α -aminoacid

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Strecker synthesis is a process in which the aldehyde reacts with ammonium chloride and alkali cyanide to form α -aminonitrile. The formed α -aminonitrile is undergoes hydrolysis to give the respective amino acids. The general scheme can be shown as,

Steps involved in Strecker synthesis are,

Protonation of carbonyl

Nucleophilic attack of ammonia to form imine

Attack of cyanide to form α -aminonitrile

Hydrolysis to give α -aminoacid

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Amidomalonate synthesis is a process in which a halide is converted to an amino acid with two new carbon atoms (comes from amidomalonate). By use of this method a new alkyl groups can be introduced. A general scheme of this synthesis is shown below,

Steps involved in amidomalonater synthesis are,

Deprotonation of α carbon in amidomalonate

Alkylation of enolate

Hydrolysis of ester using aqueous acid

Decarboxylation at high temperature

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Amidomalonate synthesis is a process in which a halide is converted to an amino acid with two new carbon atoms (comes from amidomalonate). By use of this method a new alkyl groups can be introduced. A general scheme of this synthesis is shown below,

Steps involved in amidomalonater synthesis are,

Deprotonation of α carbon in amidomalonate

Alkylation of enolate

Hydrolysis of ester using aqueous acid

Decarboxylation at high temperature

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 1CC Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 1LTS Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 4PTS Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 7CC Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 8CC Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 9CC Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 10CC Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 11CC

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