The products formed in the given set of transformation need to be predicted. Concept introduction: α -bromination of carboxylic acid in presence of bromine and a catalytic amount of phosphorous tribromide to form α -bromocarboxylic acid is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction. The formed α -bromocarboxylic acid when treated with ammonia gives α -aminocarboxylic acid as the product.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 25, Problem 59PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products formed in the given set of transformation need to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

α -bromination of carboxylic acid in presence of bromine and a catalytic amount of phosphorous tribromide to form α -bromocarboxylic acid is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction. The formed α -bromocarboxylic acid when treated with ammonia gives α -aminocarboxylic acid as the product.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Strecker synthesis is a process in which the aldehyde reacts with ammonium chloride and alkali cyanide to form α -aminonitrile. The formed α -aminonitrile is undergoes hydrolysis to give the respective amino acids. The general scheme can be shown as,

Steps involved in Strecker synthesis are,

Protonation of carbonyl

Nucleophilic attack of ammonia to form imine

Attack of cyanide to form α -aminonitrile

Hydrolysis to give α -aminoacid

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Amidomalonate synthesis is a process in which a halide is converted to an amino acid with two new carbon atoms (comes from amidomalonate). By use of this method a new alkyl groups can be introduced. A general scheme of this synthesis is shown below,

Steps involved in amidomalonater synthesis are,

Deprotonation of α carbon in amidomalonate

Alkylation of enolate

Hydrolysis of ester using aqueous acid

Decarboxylation at high temperature

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2. Write a complete mechanism for the reaction shown below. NaOCH LOCH₁ O₂N NO2 CH₂OH, 20 °C O₂N NO2

4. Propose a synthesis of the target molecules from the respective starting materials. a) b) LUCH C Br OH

The following mechanism for the gas phase reaction of H2 and ICI that is consistent with the observed rate law is: step 1 step 2 slow: H2(g) +ICI(g) → HCl(g) + HI(g) fast: ICI(g) + HI(g) → HCl(g) + |2(g) (1) What is the equation for the overall reaction? Use the smallest integer coefficients possible. If a box is not needed, leave it blank. + → + (2) Which species acts as a catalyst? Enter formula. If none, leave box blank: (3) Which species acts as a reaction intermediate? Enter formula. If none, leave box blank: (4) Complete the rate law for the overall reaction that is consistent with this mechanism. (Use the form k[A][B]"..., where '1' is understood (so don't write it) for m, n etc.) Rate =

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 25, Problem 59PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products formed in the given set of transformation need to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

α -bromination of carboxylic acid in presence of bromine and a catalytic amount of phosphorous tribromide to form α -bromocarboxylic acid is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction. The formed α -bromocarboxylic acid when treated with ammonia gives α -aminocarboxylic acid as the product.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Strecker synthesis is a process in which the aldehyde reacts with ammonium chloride and alkali cyanide to form α -aminonitrile. The formed α -aminonitrile is undergoes hydrolysis to give the respective amino acids. The general scheme can be shown as,

Steps involved in Strecker synthesis are,

Protonation of carbonyl

Nucleophilic attack of ammonia to form imine

Attack of cyanide to form α -aminonitrile

Hydrolysis to give α -aminoacid

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Amidomalonate synthesis is a process in which a halide is converted to an amino acid with two new carbon atoms (comes from amidomalonate). By use of this method a new alkyl groups can be introduced. A general scheme of this synthesis is shown below,

Steps involved in amidomalonater synthesis are,

Deprotonation of α carbon in amidomalonate

Alkylation of enolate

Hydrolysis of ester using aqueous acid

Decarboxylation at high temperature

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 25, Problem 59PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products formed in the given set of transformation need to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

α -bromination of carboxylic acid in presence of bromine and a catalytic amount of phosphorous tribromide to form α -bromocarboxylic acid is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction. The formed α -bromocarboxylic acid when treated with ammonia gives α -aminocarboxylic acid as the product.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Strecker synthesis is a process in which the aldehyde reacts with ammonium chloride and alkali cyanide to form α -aminonitrile. The formed α -aminonitrile is undergoes hydrolysis to give the respective amino acids. The general scheme can be shown as,

Steps involved in Strecker synthesis are,

Protonation of carbonyl

Nucleophilic attack of ammonia to form imine

Attack of cyanide to form α -aminonitrile

Hydrolysis to give α -aminoacid

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Amidomalonate synthesis is a process in which a halide is converted to an amino acid with two new carbon atoms (comes from amidomalonate). By use of this method a new alkyl groups can be introduced. A general scheme of this synthesis is shown below,

Steps involved in amidomalonater synthesis are,

Deprotonation of α carbon in amidomalonate

Alkylation of enolate

Hydrolysis of ester using aqueous acid

Decarboxylation at high temperature

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 25, Problem 59PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products formed in the given set of transformation need to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

α -bromination of carboxylic acid in presence of bromine and a catalytic amount of phosphorous tribromide to form α -bromocarboxylic acid is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction. The formed α -bromocarboxylic acid when treated with ammonia gives α -aminocarboxylic acid as the product.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Strecker synthesis is a process in which the aldehyde reacts with ammonium chloride and alkali cyanide to form α -aminonitrile. The formed α -aminonitrile is undergoes hydrolysis to give the respective amino acids. The general scheme can be shown as,

Steps involved in Strecker synthesis are,

Protonation of carbonyl

Nucleophilic attack of ammonia to form imine

Attack of cyanide to form α -aminonitrile

Hydrolysis to give α -aminoacid

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Amidomalonate synthesis is a process in which a halide is converted to an amino acid with two new carbon atoms (comes from amidomalonate). By use of this method a new alkyl groups can be introduced. A general scheme of this synthesis is shown below,

Steps involved in amidomalonater synthesis are,

Deprotonation of α carbon in amidomalonate

Alkylation of enolate

Hydrolysis of ester using aqueous acid

Decarboxylation at high temperature

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 25, Problem 59PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products formed in the given set of transformation need to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

α -bromination of carboxylic acid in presence of bromine and a catalytic amount of phosphorous tribromide to form α -bromocarboxylic acid is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction. The formed α -bromocarboxylic acid when treated with ammonia gives α -aminocarboxylic acid as the product.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Strecker synthesis is a process in which the aldehyde reacts with ammonium chloride and alkali cyanide to form α -aminonitrile. The formed α -aminonitrile is undergoes hydrolysis to give the respective amino acids. The general scheme can be shown as,

Steps involved in Strecker synthesis are,

Protonation of carbonyl

Nucleophilic attack of ammonia to form imine

Attack of cyanide to form α -aminonitrile

Hydrolysis to give α -aminoacid

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Amidomalonate synthesis is a process in which a halide is converted to an amino acid with two new carbon atoms (comes from amidomalonate). By use of this method a new alkyl groups can be introduced. A general scheme of this synthesis is shown below,

Steps involved in amidomalonater synthesis are,

Deprotonation of α carbon in amidomalonate

Alkylation of enolate

Hydrolysis of ester using aqueous acid

Decarboxylation at high temperature

Answer 6

Chapter 25, Problem 59PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products formed in the given set of transformation need to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

α -bromination of carboxylic acid in presence of bromine and a catalytic amount of phosphorous tribromide to form α -bromocarboxylic acid is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction. The formed α -bromocarboxylic acid when treated with ammonia gives α -aminocarboxylic acid as the product.

Answer 7

Chapter 25, Problem 59PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products formed in the given set of transformation need to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

α -bromination of carboxylic acid in presence of bromine and a catalytic amount of phosphorous tribromide to form α -bromocarboxylic acid is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction. The formed α -bromocarboxylic acid when treated with ammonia gives α -aminocarboxylic acid as the product.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Strecker synthesis is a process in which the aldehyde reacts with ammonium chloride and alkali cyanide to form α -aminonitrile. The formed α -aminonitrile is undergoes hydrolysis to give the respective amino acids. The general scheme can be shown as,

Steps involved in Strecker synthesis are,

Protonation of carbonyl

Nucleophilic attack of ammonia to form imine

Attack of cyanide to form α -aminonitrile

Hydrolysis to give α -aminoacid

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Strecker synthesis is a process in which the aldehyde reacts with ammonium chloride and alkali cyanide to form α -aminonitrile. The formed α -aminonitrile is undergoes hydrolysis to give the respective amino acids. The general scheme can be shown as,

Steps involved in Strecker synthesis are,

Protonation of carbonyl

Nucleophilic attack of ammonia to form imine

Attack of cyanide to form α -aminonitrile

Hydrolysis to give α -aminoacid

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Amidomalonate synthesis is a process in which a halide is converted to an amino acid with two new carbon atoms (comes from amidomalonate). By use of this method a new alkyl groups can be introduced. A general scheme of this synthesis is shown below,

Steps involved in amidomalonater synthesis are,

Deprotonation of α carbon in amidomalonate

Alkylation of enolate

Hydrolysis of ester using aqueous acid

Decarboxylation at high temperature

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Amidomalonate synthesis is a process in which a halide is converted to an amino acid with two new carbon atoms (comes from amidomalonate). By use of this method a new alkyl groups can be introduced. A general scheme of this synthesis is shown below,

Steps involved in amidomalonater synthesis are,

Deprotonation of α carbon in amidomalonate

Alkylation of enolate

Hydrolysis of ester using aqueous acid

Decarboxylation at high temperature

Answer 12

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Answer 13

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 1CC Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 1LTS Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 4PTS Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 7CC Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 8CC Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 9CC Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 10CC Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 11CC

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Chapter 25 Solutions