(a) Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from aniline as starting material is to be devised. Concept introduction: The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using cuprous halides or aryl cyanides using cuprous cyanides.

Question

Benzene-toluene equilibrium is often approximated as αBT = 2.34. Generate the y-x diagram for this relative volatility. Also, generate the equilibrium data using Raoult’s law, and compare your results to these.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.66P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from aniline as starting material is to be devised.

Concept introduction: The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using cuprous halides or aryl cyanides using cuprous cyanides.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from aniline as starting material is to be devised.

Concept introduction: The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using cuprous halides or aryl cyanides using cuprous cyanides.

Friedel-Crafts alkylation permits the synthesis of alkylated products by the reaction of arenes with alkyl chlorides in the presence of aluminium chloride (Lewis acid). This alkylation reaction comes under the category of electrophilic aromatic substitution.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from aniline as starting material is to be devised.

Concept introduction: The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using cuprous halides or aryl cyanides using cuprous cyanides.

Diazonium salts form azo compounds with aromatic phenols or aromatic amines.

Friedel-Crafts alkylation permits the synthesis of alkylated products by the reaction of arenes with alkyl chlorides in the presence of aluminium chloride (Lewis acid). This alkylation reaction comes under the category of electrophilic aromatic substitution.

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Benzene-toluene equilibrium is often approximated as αBT = 2.34. Generate the y-x diagram for this relative volatility. Also, generate the equilibrium data using Raoult’s law, and compare your results to these.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.66P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from aniline as starting material is to be devised.

Concept introduction: The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using cuprous halides or aryl cyanides using cuprous cyanides.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from aniline as starting material is to be devised.

Concept introduction: The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using cuprous halides or aryl cyanides using cuprous cyanides.

Friedel-Crafts alkylation permits the synthesis of alkylated products by the reaction of arenes with alkyl chlorides in the presence of aluminium chloride (Lewis acid). This alkylation reaction comes under the category of electrophilic aromatic substitution.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from aniline as starting material is to be devised.

Concept introduction: The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using cuprous halides or aryl cyanides using cuprous cyanides.

Diazonium salts form azo compounds with aromatic phenols or aromatic amines.

Friedel-Crafts alkylation permits the synthesis of alkylated products by the reaction of arenes with alkyl chlorides in the presence of aluminium chloride (Lewis acid). This alkylation reaction comes under the category of electrophilic aromatic substitution.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.66P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from aniline as starting material is to be devised.

Concept introduction: The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using cuprous halides or aryl cyanides using cuprous cyanides.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from aniline as starting material is to be devised.

Concept introduction: The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using cuprous halides or aryl cyanides using cuprous cyanides.

Friedel-Crafts alkylation permits the synthesis of alkylated products by the reaction of arenes with alkyl chlorides in the presence of aluminium chloride (Lewis acid). This alkylation reaction comes under the category of electrophilic aromatic substitution.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from aniline as starting material is to be devised.

Concept introduction: The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using cuprous halides or aryl cyanides using cuprous cyanides.

Diazonium salts form azo compounds with aromatic phenols or aromatic amines.

Friedel-Crafts alkylation permits the synthesis of alkylated products by the reaction of arenes with alkyl chlorides in the presence of aluminium chloride (Lewis acid). This alkylation reaction comes under the category of electrophilic aromatic substitution.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.66P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from aniline as starting material is to be devised.

Concept introduction: The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using cuprous halides or aryl cyanides using cuprous cyanides.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from aniline as starting material is to be devised.

Concept introduction: The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using cuprous halides or aryl cyanides using cuprous cyanides.

Friedel-Crafts alkylation permits the synthesis of alkylated products by the reaction of arenes with alkyl chlorides in the presence of aluminium chloride (Lewis acid). This alkylation reaction comes under the category of electrophilic aromatic substitution.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from aniline as starting material is to be devised.

Concept introduction: The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using cuprous halides or aryl cyanides using cuprous cyanides.

Diazonium salts form azo compounds with aromatic phenols or aromatic amines.

Friedel-Crafts alkylation permits the synthesis of alkylated products by the reaction of arenes with alkyl chlorides in the presence of aluminium chloride (Lewis acid). This alkylation reaction comes under the category of electrophilic aromatic substitution.

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Answer 5

Chapter 25, Problem 25.66P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from aniline as starting material is to be devised.

Concept introduction: The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using cuprous halides or aryl cyanides using cuprous cyanides.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from aniline as starting material is to be devised.

Concept introduction: The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using cuprous halides or aryl cyanides using cuprous cyanides.

Friedel-Crafts alkylation permits the synthesis of alkylated products by the reaction of arenes with alkyl chlorides in the presence of aluminium chloride (Lewis acid). This alkylation reaction comes under the category of electrophilic aromatic substitution.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from aniline as starting material is to be devised.

Concept introduction: The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using cuprous halides or aryl cyanides using cuprous cyanides.

Diazonium salts form azo compounds with aromatic phenols or aromatic amines.

Friedel-Crafts alkylation permits the synthesis of alkylated products by the reaction of arenes with alkyl chlorides in the presence of aluminium chloride (Lewis acid). This alkylation reaction comes under the category of electrophilic aromatic substitution.

Answer 6

Chapter 25, Problem 25.66P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from aniline as starting material is to be devised.

Concept introduction: The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using cuprous halides or aryl cyanides using cuprous cyanides.

Answer 7

Chapter 25, Problem 25.66P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from aniline as starting material is to be devised.

Concept introduction: The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using cuprous halides or aryl cyanides using cuprous cyanides.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from aniline as starting material is to be devised.

Concept introduction: The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using cuprous halides or aryl cyanides using cuprous cyanides.

Friedel-Crafts alkylation permits the synthesis of alkylated products by the reaction of arenes with alkyl chlorides in the presence of aluminium chloride (Lewis acid). This alkylation reaction comes under the category of electrophilic aromatic substitution.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from aniline as starting material is to be devised.

Concept introduction: The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using cuprous halides or aryl cyanides using cuprous cyanides.

Friedel-Crafts alkylation permits the synthesis of alkylated products by the reaction of arenes with alkyl chlorides in the presence of aluminium chloride (Lewis acid). This alkylation reaction comes under the category of electrophilic aromatic substitution.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from aniline as starting material is to be devised.

Concept introduction: The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using cuprous halides or aryl cyanides using cuprous cyanides.

Diazonium salts form azo compounds with aromatic phenols or aromatic amines.

Friedel-Crafts alkylation permits the synthesis of alkylated products by the reaction of arenes with alkyl chlorides in the presence of aluminium chloride (Lewis acid). This alkylation reaction comes under the category of electrophilic aromatic substitution.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from aniline as starting material is to be devised.

Concept introduction: The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using cuprous halides or aryl cyanides using cuprous cyanides.

Diazonium salts form azo compounds with aromatic phenols or aromatic amines.

Friedel-Crafts alkylation permits the synthesis of alkylated products by the reaction of arenes with alkyl chlorides in the presence of aluminium chloride (Lewis acid). This alkylation reaction comes under the category of electrophilic aromatic substitution.

Answer 12

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Answer 23

Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.1P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.2P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.3P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.4P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.5P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.6P Ch. 25 - Problem 25.7 Draw the product of each...Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.8P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.9P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains how the formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures.

Chapter 25 Solutions