Chapter 22.5, Problem 1CYU

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The oxidation number, the spin (low or high) configuration, the numbers of unpaired electrons and magnetic properties of the given complex ${\left[\text{Ru}{\left({\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\right)}_{\text{6}}\right]}^{\text{2+}}$has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation number of a central atom in a complex is defined as the charge it would carry if all the ligands are removed along with the electron pairs that are shared with the central atom.

Low spin complex are those with minimum number of unpaired spins and occurs with stronger field ligands$\left(C{N}^{-},en\right)$.

High spin complex are those with maximum number of unpaired spins and occurs with weaker field ligands$\left(H_{2}O,C{l}^{-}\right)$.

The strong-field ligands results in pairing of electrons present in the complex and leads to diamagnetic species , while the low-field ligand do not have tendency to pair up the electrons therefore forms paramagnetic species.

The electron configuration tells us in which orbitals the electrons for an element are located.

Metal orbitals contain unpaired electrons is paramagnetic and with no unpaired electrons, is diamagnetic.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The oxidation number, the spin (low or high) configuration, the numbers of unpaired electrons and magnetic properties of the given complex${\left[\text{Ni}{\left({\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{6}}\right]}^{\text{2+}}$has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Refer part (a).