Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The class of enzyme to which phosphoglyceromutase belongs needs to be identified.
Concept Introduction :
Isomeric forms of a molecule (with the same chemical formula but variation in atomic arrangements) are yielded by catalysis of many types of intramolecular rearrangements by Isomerases. Some examples of this class are epimerases, mutases, and racemases.
(b)
Interpretation:
The class of enzyme to which urease belongs needs to be identified.
Concept Introduction :
Hydrolase enzymes catalyze the reactions wherein the addition of water results in the cleavage of the bond. Based on the type of bond cleaved, the examples are peptidases (peptide bond), phosphatases (phosphate bond), and phosphodiesterase (phosphodiester bond).
(c)
Interpretation:
The class of enzyme to which succinate dehydrogenase belongs needs to be identified.
Concept Introduction : Oxidoreductases are the group of enzymes that carry out both
(d)
Interpretation:
The class of enzyme to which aspartase belongs needs to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
The breaking of the bonds between C-C, C-N, C-S, and C-O is catalyzed by lyases by the elimination process. Examples- Aldolase, Dehydratase, Decarboxylase, and Synthetase.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 22 Solutions
Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry
- Which of the following is not a characteristic of enzymes? a. They are macromolecules. b. They act on substances. c. They are phospholipids. d. They initiate and decelerate chemical reactions. e. They act as catalysts.arrow_forwardWhat is the general role of enzymes in the human body?arrow_forwardTo which of the six major classes of enzymes does the enzyme that catalyzes each of the following reactions belong? a. An L isomer is converted to a D isomer. a. A phosphate group is transferred from one substrate to another. b. An amide linkage is hydrolyzed. c. Hydrolysis of a carbohydrate to monosaccharides occurs.arrow_forward
- What type of specificity (absolute, group, linkage, or stereochemical) is associated with each of the following enzymes? a. Sucrase b. A lipase c. A decarboxylase d. L-glutamate oxidasearrow_forwardIdentify the enzyme needed in each of the following reactions as an isomerase, a decarboxylase, a dehydrogenase, a protease, or a phosphatase.arrow_forwardWhen handling or storing solutions of enzymes, the pH is usually kept near 7.0. Explain why.arrow_forward
- Chemistry What is the main aspect that the enzymes succinyl-CoA synthetase, pyruvate kinase, and phosphoglycerate kinase have in common?arrow_forwardThe enzyme that catalyzes the following reaction belongs to which class? is-l O Lyase Isomerase Oxidoreductase O Hydrolase OHarrow_forward1. Among the following five types of biomolecules, which is the least common drug target for commercial drugs? (a) Enzymes (b) Receptors (c) Carbohydrates (d) Membrane transport proteins (e) DNA 2. Which is a false statement regarding non-competitive enzyme inhibitor? (a) It binds to an allosteric site of the enzyme (b) It does not compete with the natural substrate for binding to the active site of the enzyme (c) Its binding to the enzyme can induce a conformational change of the enzyme (d) It can be used in combination therapies with a competitive inhibitor (e) It usually is a mimic of the natural enzyme substrate 3. What is the purpose of structure-activity-relationship (SAR) studies? (a) To identify the drug target (b) To improve the pharmacokinetic properties of the drug (c) To determine which atoms or functional groups are important to the activity of a drug (d) To simplify the synthesis of the drug (e) To optimise activity of the drug 4. Among the following five types of…arrow_forward
- Would alpha-D-glucopyranose and alpha-D-fructopyranose be equally likely to be the substrate for a given enzyme? Refer to both shape and noncovalent interactions in your answer. Make one generalization about protein-carbohydrate interactionsarrow_forward5) The conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in glycolysis has a AG" value of 7.5 kJ/mol, so the reaction should be unfavorable. a) Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction, based on this AG" value and assuming a temperature of 37 °C. b) For this reaction to occur spontaneously in the cell, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP) levels are kept low. What is the value of AG if the concentration of GAP is kept at 1/100 that of the DHAP. 6) Energy can be harnessed as electrons move from compounds with low reduction potential to those with a higher reduction potential. This happens many times in the electron transport chain, where O, ultimately accepts the electrons. Using Table 3.6, determine the AG" for the transfer of electrons from glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to produce H,0.arrow_forwardThe hydrolysis of pyrophosphate to orthophosphate drives biosynthetic reactions such as DNA synthesis. In Escherichia coli, a pyrophosphatase catalyzes this hydrolytic reaction. The pyrophosphatase has a mass of 120 kDa and consists of six identical subunits. A unit of activity for this enzyme, U, is the amount of enzyme that hydrolyzes 10 umol of pyrophosphate in 15 minutes. The purified enzyme has a Vnax of 2800 U per milligram of enzyme. When (S] >> KM, how many micromoles of substrate can 1 mg of enzyme hydrolyze per second? Vnax = umol -s. mg- If cach enzyme subunit has one active site, how many micromoles of active sites, or (E]r, are there in 1 mg of enzyme? (Er = umol - mg-arrow_forward
- General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning
- World of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage LearningWorld of ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780618562763Author:Steven S. ZumdahlPublisher:Houghton Mifflin College DivIntroduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning