Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781337571357
Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Question
Chapter 22, Problem 80P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
An explanation for the statement that before the discovery of thermophilic bacteria it was impossible to have an automated system of DNA synthesis is to be stated.
Concept Introduction:
The biological catalysts which lower the minimum amount of energy required by the reactants to convert into product are known as enzymes. An enzyme does not alter the potential energy of reactant and product. The optimum temperature for activity of enzymes produced by bacteria and higher organisms is
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Distinguish between mixed-acid fermentation and butanediol fermentation and describe the test(s) that can be used to detect each.
Briefly describe the reactions and changes that take place during the decarboxylation of amino acids in the decarboxylase medium.
Explain the experiment that you would perform in order to determine whether the organism that you were instructed
instructed to identify is positive or negative for gelatin hydrolysis.
How do microorganisms such as bacteria eliminate harmful reactive oxygen species?
Nitrate reduction to nitrite is indicated by the formation of a pink to red color after addition of nitrate test reagent. However, if a culture does not produce a colour change several possibilities exist. Explain.
Q5:
Complete the sentence to make it true. The single most important contribution to
the stability of a water soluble globular protein's conformation appears to be the
sum of free energies of formation of many weak interactions among the
hundreds of amino acids in a protein.
entropy increase from the decrease in the number of ordered water molecules
forming a solvent shell around the unfolded protein.
sum of free energies of formation of many weak interactions between a protein's
polar amino acids and surrounding water.
maximum enthalpy increase from ionic interactions between the ionized amino
acids in a protein.
stabilizing effect of hydrogen bonding in a protein between the carbonyl group
of one peptide bond and the amino group of another
Chapter 22 Solutions
Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry
Ch. 22.1 - Prob. 22.1QCCh. 22.2 - Prob. 22.2QCCh. 22.3 - Prob. 22.3QCCh. 22.4 - Which of the following is true regarding enzymes?...Ch. 22.5 - Match the description of the enzyme process with...Ch. 22 - What is the difference between a catalyst and an...Ch. 22 - What are ribozymes made of?Ch. 22 - Would a lipase hydrolyze two triglycerides, one...Ch. 22 - Compare the activation energy in uncatalyzed...Ch. 22 - Prob. 5P
Ch. 22 - Prob. 6PCh. 22 - Prob. 7PCh. 22 - Monoamine oxidases are important enzymes in brain...Ch. 22 - Prob. 9PCh. 22 - 0 What kind of reaction does each of the following...Ch. 22 - Prob. 11PCh. 22 - In most enzyme-catalyzed reactions, the rate of...Ch. 22 - 5 At a very low concentration of a certain...Ch. 22 - 6 If we wish to double the rate of an...Ch. 22 - 7 A bacterial enzyme has the following...Ch. 22 - 8 The optimal temperature for the action of...Ch. 22 - 9 The activity of pepsin was measured at various...Ch. 22 - Prob. 18PCh. 22 - Prob. 19PCh. 22 - Prob. 20PCh. 22 - Prob. 21PCh. 22 - 4 What kind of chemical reaction occurs most...Ch. 22 - 5 Which of the following is a correct statement...Ch. 22 - Prob. 24PCh. 22 - 7 Enzymes are long protein chains, usually...Ch. 22 - Prob. 26PCh. 22 - Prob. 27PCh. 22 - 0 Can the product of a reaction that is part of a...Ch. 22 - 1 What is the difference between a zymogen and a...Ch. 22 - 2 The enzyme trypsin is synthesized by the body in...Ch. 22 - Prob. 31PCh. 22 - Prob. 32PCh. 22 - Prob. 33PCh. 22 - Prob. 34PCh. 22 - Prob. 35PCh. 22 - Prob. 36PCh. 22 - Prob. 37PCh. 22 - Prob. 38PCh. 22 - 1 After a heart attack, the levels of certain...Ch. 22 - Prob. 40PCh. 22 - Prob. 41PCh. 22 - Prob. 42PCh. 22 - 5 Chemists who have been exposed for years to or...Ch. 22 - 6 Which enzyme preparation is given to patients...Ch. 22 - 7 Chymotrypsm is secreted by the pancreas and...Ch. 22 - Prob. 46PCh. 22 - Prob. 47PCh. 22 - Prob. 48PCh. 22 - Prob. 49PCh. 22 - Prob. 50PCh. 22 - Prob. 51PCh. 22 - Prob. 52PCh. 22 - Prob. 53PCh. 22 - Prob. 54PCh. 22 - Prob. 55PCh. 22 - Prob. 56PCh. 22 - Prob. 57PCh. 22 - Prob. 58PCh. 22 - Prob. 59PCh. 22 - Prob. 60PCh. 22 - 1 Food can be preserved by inactivation of enzymes...Ch. 22 - Prob. 62PCh. 22 - 3 Would you expect to find active digestive...Ch. 22 - Prob. 64PCh. 22 - Prob. 65PCh. 22 - Prob. 66PCh. 22 - 7 An enzyme has the following pH dependence: At...Ch. 22 - Prob. 68PCh. 22 - Prob. 69PCh. 22 - 0 Nerve gases operate by forming covalent bonds at...Ch. 22 - 1 What would be the appropriate name for an enzyme...Ch. 22 - Prob. 72PCh. 22 - 3 A liver enzyme is made of four subunits: 2A and...Ch. 22 - Prob. 74PCh. 22 - Prob. 75PCh. 22 - Prob. 76PCh. 22 - Prob. 77PCh. 22 - Prob. 78PCh. 22 - Prob. 79PCh. 22 - Prob. 80PCh. 22 - Prob. 81P
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Consider a protein with five amino acids and three possible energy levels (separated by 1 J/mol) each amino acid can occupy. At what temperature will there be 45% of molecules in conformation A and 55% of molecules in conformation B? Comment on the size of this number and what distribution you would expect at room temperature. What does this mean about how "different" these energy levels are? Look back at the figure and propose an error made in reporting units. What energy unit would have likely been more appropriate in this case?arrow_forwardList two ways that enzyme catalysis of a reaction is superior to normal conditions.arrow_forwardAlthough RNA is single-stranded, the strand sometimes folds back on itself to give a complementary portion. What would be the complementary portion of the RNA fragment having the bases uracil-cytosine-guanine? A virus is a particle that contains DNA or RNA that is surrounded by a coat of protein that can replicate only in a host cell. The influencza virus shown in this electron microscope image is an RNA virus.arrow_forward
- Enzymes function most efficiently at the temperature of a typical cell, which is 37 degrees Celsius. Increases or decreases in temperature can significantly lower the reaction rate. What does this suggest about the importance of temperature-regulating mechanisms in organisms? How does this translate to the development of enzyme assays for clinical laboratory testing equipment? Explain.arrow_forward40190520 O BCPS Links Q Quizlet Live | Quizlet H LA 2 O Destiny Discover H. 9 Unit 2 Olympics | S. PowerPoint SWYK: FFF Microscopy, Cell Theory, and Cell Processes POSSIBLE POINT Match the cell organelle with its function cell membrane mitochondrion nucleus chloroplast :: controls the movement of materials in and out of a cell :: controls all cell processes :: carries out photosynthesis in plants and algae : carries out cell respiration 3\arrow_forwardThe mutated form of hemoglobin (hemoglobin S, or HbS) in sickle-cell anemia results from the replacement of a glutamate residue by a valine residue at position 6 in the ß chain of the protein. Normal hemoglobin is designated HbA. Under conditions of low [O₂], HbS aggregates and distorts the red blood cell into a sickle shape. See image of eight aggregated HbS molecules. Sickled red blood cells are relatively inflexible and may clog capillary beds, causing pain and tissue damage. The sickled red blood cells also have a shorter life span, leading to anemia. Which amino acids would be expected to produce a similar sickling effect if substituted for Val at position 6? arginine phenylalanine Aggregate of HbS molecules lysine leucine alanine Sickling occurs in deoxyhemoglobin S but not in oxyhemoglobin S. Oxyhemoglobin has a small, hydrophobic pocket in a B chain ranion located in the interior of the neotain In daaxshamaalahin homauar thic nookat is laastad on the curfona of tha 0arrow_forward
- Because of its bat configuration, Batman's body produces excess nitrogen and excretes it as a form of urea, NH2CONH2. The reaction that produces it is the combination of arginine (C6H14N4O2) with the body's water to give urea and ornithine (C5H12N2O2), according to the following reaction: C6H14N4OR2 + H2O → NH2CONH2 + C5H12N2OR2 arginine urea ornithine a. Assuming Batman is a perfect (ideal) machine, his body completely removes the produced urea which is 95 mg of urea; calculate the mass of arginine that must have been used by his body. b. Calculate the mass of ornithine that his body produced. c. If the rest of normal humans are not a perfect machine, it has been established that for this case, the normal human produces 0.0003686 lb of ornithine. What is the reaction efficiency of the normal human body compared to Batman's.arrow_forwardCalculate the equilibrium constant at 37oC for the reactionGlucose + 6O2 + 36ADP + 36Phospate → 6CO2+ 42H2O +36ATP ... ... ...Entropy change of Go= − 423 kcal/mole of Glucosearrow_forwardSelect the single best answer. The "melting point" of a DNA molecule is the temperature at which the double-helical strand breaks apart. Suppose you are given two DNA samples. One sample, sample A, contains 45% G-C base pairs, while the other sample, sample B, contains 64% G-C base pairs. The total number of bases is the same in each sample. Which of the two samples, sample A or sample B, has a higher melting point? sample A sample B The melting point is the same for both.arrow_forward
- Q6-1 Formation of DNA is pairing up RNA. In solution containing two RNA moving independently. When DNA forms, two RNA fuse. DNA seems more ordered than two independent RNA Yet, formation of DNA is spontentanious. Explain why that is the case Q6-2 Is it possible to make AG, H,O(s) = AG, H,O(g). if it is possible, give an example. Otherwise, explain why this can not happen.arrow_forward5. Suppose you had the nucleotide base shown below. What are the hydrogen bond donors and acceptors in the molecule? Where would the different natural bases interact with it? Which of the natural bases would you expect to have the strongest binding energy with the base below? It is possible to consider different "sides" of the molecule for interaction. H. HN NH. 5. What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction A + CT → AT + C? Show your calculations.arrow_forwardThe overall reaction for microbial conversion of glucose to L-glutamic acid is: C6H1206 + NH3 +1.5 O2 →C5H,NO4 + CO2 + 3H20 (glucose) (glutamic acid) a) If 18 grams of glutamic acid are produced, how many grams of ammonia are required? Assume 100% conversion of ammonia b) What mass of glucose is required to produce 25 g of glutamic acid? Assume 100% conversion of glucose Atomic weights: C=12, H=1, N=14, O=16.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approa...ChemistryISBN:9781305079250Author:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed PetersPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning
Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning
World of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305960060
Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. Hansen
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approa...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079250
Author:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed Peters
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079373
Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285869759
Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher:Cengage Learning
World of Chemistry, 3rd edition
Chemistry
ISBN:9781133109655
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning
Biomolecules - Protein - Amino acids; Author: Tutorials Point (India) Ltd.;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ySNVPDHJ0ek;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY