Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780133128741
Author: Serope Kalpakjian, Steven Schmid
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Chapter 22, Problem 31QLP
Do you think that there is a relationship between the cost of a cutting tool and its hot hardness? Explain.
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Define specific energy for plane strain machining (cutting).
In plane-strain machỉning, the two main sources of energy dissipation are deformation along
the shear plane (~70%) and friction at the tool-chip contact along the rake face (~30%).
Consider machining of a rigid perfectly-plastic work material whose uniaxial yield stress is
700 MPa, and is independent of strain rate and temperature. A tool of zero-degree rake angle
is employed. Measurements showed the (deformed) chip thickness to be twice that of the
undeformed chip thickness. Based on the aforementioned distribution of energy, estimate the
specific energy for this process.
A student is performing a turning operation with a workpiece with an initial diameter of 40 mm to produce a 30 mm diameter rod that is 100 mm long. The lathe power is 20 kW and is operating on 85% mechanical efficiency. If the student set the cutting speed to 0.5 m/min and the cutting tool is set to have a rake angle of 5 degrees:
a.) What material can we choose for the rod is the coefficient of friction is 0.5?
b.) If we select 4130 normalized heat-treated steel for the rod, and coefficient of friction is 0.5, what will the maximum depth of cut we can achieve?
A student is using a lathe with 80-hp and 80% efficiency to fabricate a copper alloy with Sy= 1200 ksi. If the width of cut is 0.30 in. and the student set a rake angle of 0° and a cutting speed of 200 ft/ min while she assumed a coefficient of friction to be 0.5. What is the maximum depth of cut the student can achieve?
Chapter 22 Solutions
Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
Ch. 22 - What are the major properties required of...Ch. 22 - What is the composition of a typical carbide tool?Ch. 22 - Why were cutting-tool inserts developed?Ch. 22 - Why are some tools coated? What are the common...Ch. 22 - Explain the applications and limitations of...Ch. 22 - List the major functions of cutting fluids.Ch. 22 - Why is toughness important for cutting-tool...Ch. 22 - Is the elastic modulus important for cutting-tool...Ch. 22 - Explain how cutting fluids penetrate the toolchip...Ch. 22 - List the methods by which cutting fluids are...
Ch. 22 - Describe the advantages and limitations of (a)...Ch. 22 - What is a cermet? What are its advantages?Ch. 22 - Explain the difference between M-series and...Ch. 22 - Why is cBN generally preferred over diamond for...Ch. 22 - What are the advantages to dry machining?Ch. 22 - Explain why so many different types of...Ch. 22 - Which tool-material properties are suitable for...Ch. 22 - Describe the reasons for and advantages of coating...Ch. 22 - Make a list of the alloying elements used in...Ch. 22 - As stated in Section 22.1, tool materials can have...Ch. 22 - Explain the economic impact of the trend shown in...Ch. 22 - Why does temperature have such an important effect...Ch. 22 - Ceramic and cermet cutting tools have certain...Ch. 22 - What precautions would you take in machining with...Ch. 22 - Can cutting fluids have any adverse effects in...Ch. 22 - Describe the trends you observe in Table 22.2.Ch. 22 - Why are chemical stability and inertness important...Ch. 22 - Titanium-nitride coatings on tools reduce the...Ch. 22 - Describe the necessary conditions for optimal...Ch. 22 - Negative rake angles generally are preferred for...Ch. 22 - Do you think that there is a relationship between...Ch. 22 - Make a survey of the technical literature, and...Ch. 22 - In Table 22.1, the last two properties listed...Ch. 22 - It has been stated that titanium-nitride coatings...Ch. 22 - Note in Fig. 22.1 that all tool materials,...Ch. 22 - Referring to Table 22.1, state which tool...Ch. 22 - Which of the properties listed in Table 22.1 is,...Ch. 22 - If a drill bit is intended only for woodworking...Ch. 22 - What are the consequences of a coating on a tool...Ch. 22 - Discuss the relative advantages and limitations of...Ch. 22 - Emulsion cutting fluids typically consist of 95%...Ch. 22 - List and explain the considerations involved in...Ch. 22 - Review the contents of Table 22.1. Plot several...Ch. 22 - Obtain data on the thermal properties of various...Ch. 22 - The first column in Table 22.2 shows 10 properties...Ch. 22 - Describe in detail your thoughts regarding the...Ch. 22 - One of the principal concerns with coolants is...Ch. 22 - How would you go about measuring the effectiveness...Ch. 22 - There are several types of cutting-tool materials...Ch. 22 - Assume that you are in charge of a laboratory for...Ch. 22 - Tool life could be greatly increased if an...Ch. 22 - List the concerns you would have if you needed to...
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- 2 2.46 Describe in detail your thoughts regarding the technical and economic factors involved in tool-material selection.arrow_forwardQuicklyarrow_forwardQuestion 2. The two sources of heat are (a) shearing in the primary shear plane and (b) friction at the tool-chip interface. What type of the tool wear or tool failure could be caused as a result of developing these heat sources on machining process? Explain your answer in accordance with following representation of tool wear. Insert cutting edgearrow_forward
- a rod is to be manufactured using turning operations and is made of Nickel alloy. The rod is 80 mm in length and 15 mm in diameter. The final required diameter is 10 mm and the spindle rotates at N = 500 rpm while the tool axial speed is 100 mm/ min. Calculate material removal rate, cutting speed, cutting time, the power dissipated, and cutting force.arrow_forwardIn conventional metal cutting process,tool wear is inevitable.Explain why cutting tool failure due to tool wear is difficult to predict.(Write it broadly in your own words)arrow_forward2 1.4 1 The Taylor tool-life equation is directly applicable to flank wear. Explain whether or not it can be used to model tool life if other forms of wear are dominant.arrow_forward
- Q3(a) Assuming you have been given the responsibility of procuring some cutting tool for UCSI workshop. Based on your knowledge in manufacturing processes, one of the major properties of interest in a cutting tool material is the hot hardness. Explain the relationship between the cost of a cutting tool and its hot hardness citing at least FOUR (4) examples of cutting tools.arrow_forwardDiscuss the effects of cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut on the tool wear rate during a turning operation. How does each parameter influence the surface finish of the workpiece? Provide a detailed explanation based on the principles of metal cutting mechanics.arrow_forwardQuestion 1: Explain the following terms and situations in metal cutting. Give enough explanation with figures if it is necessary. a) Up and down milling operations. What are the effects on the workpiece surface finish and machine tool? b) Orthogonal and oblique cutting. c) Cutting force diagram in orthogonal cutting. d) Theoretical prediction of shear angle in orthogonal cutting. e) Machinability. f) Force and chatter vibrations. How can you detect the vibration during the machining? How can you decide which type of the vibration you have? g) Mode shapes. Mode coupling. h) Process damping. Which parameters can affect the process damping? i) j) Regenerative chatter vibrations. k) Stability lobes. Question 2: How will the cutting force be affected by the following situations during the machining operation? Why? a) Large rake angle b) Small relief angle c) Large nose radius d) Sharp cutting edge e) Smooth rake face f) Hard workpiece material g) High cutting speed h) Large feed rate i)…arrow_forward
- I need the answer as soon as possiblearrow_forwardDuring orthogonal cutting operation of material has shear strength 95.5 Mpa. The cutting force is more than thrust force by 10%. The rake angle = 5°, the width of the cut = 5.0 mm, the chip thickness before the cut = 0.6, and the chip thickness ratio = 0.38. Determine (a) both cutting force and thrust force and (b) the coefficient of friction in the operation.arrow_forwardLow carbon steel having a tensile strength of 450 MPa and a shear strength of 270 MPa is cut in a turning operation with a cutting speed of 2500 mm/s. The feed is 0.15 mm/rev, and the depth of cut is 0.25 cm. The rake angle of the tool is 12° in the direction of chip flow. The resulting chip ratio is 0.55. Using the orthogonal model as an approximation of turning, determine (a) the shear plane angle, (b) shear force, (c) cutting force and feed force.arrow_forward
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