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The term Crystal field splitting refers to segregation of d-orbitals in to higher energy orbitals and lower energy orbitals when ligands approaches metal ion to co-ordinate. Crystal field splitting is said to be larger when the energy gap between higher energy d-orbitals and lower energy d-orbitals is larger. Crystal field splitting is said to be smaller when the energy gap between higher energy d-orbitals and lower energy d-orbitals is smaller.
Spectrochemical series refers to the arrangement of ligands with respect to crystal field splitting they cause in the d-orbitals of a metal ion. The ligand that causes larger splitting pattern is referred to as stronger ligand.
The ligands are arranged in increasing order of crystal field splitting they produce.
The ligand that causes larger crystal field splitting is strong ligand and the ligand that causes smaller splitting is termed as weak ligand.
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General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Course List)
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