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Describe the structural differences between DNA and RNA. The monomers in
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Student Solutions Manual for Zumdahl/Zumdahl/DeCoste?s Chemistry, 10th Edition
- Although RNA is single-stranded, the strand sometimes folds back on itself to give a complementary portion. What would be the complementary portion of the RNA fragment having the bases uracil-cytosine-guanine? A virus is a particle that contains DNA or RNA that is surrounded by a coat of protein that can replicate only in a host cell. The influencza virus shown in this electron microscope image is an RNA virus.arrow_forwardThe structure of pepsin is shown below. This level of protein structure is known as the structure (name the level of structure). PDB: 1UH7arrow_forwardDNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. It contains the biological instructions that make each species unique. DNA, along with the instructions it contains, is passed from adult organisms to their offspring during reproduction. Nearly every cell in a person's body has the same DNA. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus (where it is called nuclear DNA), but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochondria (where it is called mitochondrial DNA). The information in DNA is stored as a code made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). Human DNA consists of about 3 billion bases, and more than 99 percent of those bases are the same in all people. The order, or sequence, of these bases determines the information available for building and maintaining an organism, similar to the way in which letters of the alphabet appear in a certain order to form words and sentences. DNA bases…arrow_forward
- 1. What are elements and compounds? Give an example of each. 2. What determines the primary structure of a protein? 3. State two functions of proteins. 4. Identify the three parts of a nucleotide. 5. Identify the roles of reactants and products in chemical reactions. 6. What are biochemical reactions? What is an example? 7. Where is most of Earth's water found? 8. What is polarity? Describe the polarity of water.arrow_forwardThe isomerization process of the conversion of one organic compound to another is widespread. There is Geometric isomerism, Streo- isomerism, etc. The keto enol isomerization is a special case that is called Tautomerization. Discuss the keto enol tautomerization of some of the bases of DNA/RNA. 200 wordsarrow_forwardNucleotides appear in nucleic acids, as coenzymes in metabolism, and as chemical messengers. One example of the last is cyclic-adenosine monophosphate, CAMP, where the phosphate group forms a ring with two of the ribose carbons. Which of the following represents CAMP NH₂ HO N 0 OH OH HOW HO OH NH NH₂arrow_forward
- Biochemistry Molecular 1. How did scientists discover the genetic code? 2.Is the genetic code universal? 3.Codons that code for 61 amino acids. Kinds of amino acids 20 pieces. How is yours analysis of the relationship between these two sentences?arrow_forwardBoth proteins and nucleic acids (like DNA and RNA) can be denatured with heat. Explain why this happens for both types of molecule and what is happening during the heat-driven denaturing process. A complete answer should discuss thermodynamic considerations such as entropy and enthalpy.arrow_forwardDefine Biomolecules ?arrow_forward
- How do amino acids bond together ? Use a basic diagram of an amino acid molecule ato show how 2 amino acids would bond together. Identify the ty of reaction as well the type of bond formed.arrow_forwardGalactose and glucose have the same molecular formula, and the only difference is the orientation of the hydroxyl bond at the 4' position. Why is this type of distinction of bond orientations important in biology? CH,OH CH,OH но OH H. OH - H OH H. OH HÓ OH Galactose Glucose Glucose can be metabolized into energy, but galactose cannot. The bonds have different polarity, so they form hydrogen bonds with different strengths. O Enzymes and binding proteins are specific enough to detect the different configurations and must bind one sugar or the other. O The two forms switch back and forth spontaneously, which makes the molecules more flexible and versatile.arrow_forwardQuestion 6: The structural diagram of one of the twenty amino acids is given below. Look at and answer the next two questions. H >--< N-C-C H H O-H 6a. Which chemical groups are present in this amino acid? Name them. H 6b. Is this amino acid hydrophobic, hydrophilic, or amphipathic? How do you know? Explain. Use the terms electronegativity and polar in your answer. (You might want toarrow_forward
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