Chapter 21, Problem 47E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

All possible xylene isomers and their IUPAC names are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have the same molecular formula but with different structural formula.

To write the IUPAC name of an organic compound that contain a benzene ring, the steps to follow as:

1. Number the carbon atoms present in the benzene ring such that the substituents get the lowest locant number. The carbon atoms are numbered such that the substituents get the lowest possible locant number. If two or more different substituents are present, then the substituents are given preferences according to the IUPAC rule.

2. Specify the substituent position by number the carbon atom to which the substituent is bonded.

3. If there is more substituents in the compound, then they are named according to the alphabetical order.

4: While naming the compounds two digits are separated by a comma (,) and the digit is separated from a letter by a hyphen (-).If there is more substituents, then they are named in order of alphabetical order. If the similar substituent is present more than once, then the number of substituents is indicated by prefixes di, tri, tetra, etc.

5. Generally, the base name is benzene for a benzene ring. The format to name the molecule that contains a benzene ring is as follows:

$\text{substituent number-substitutent namebenzene}$