The valence band, conduction band, and band gap in the given figure has to be identified. Concept introduction: Valence band: Valence band is defined as valence electron orbital of an element. It is a bunch of orbitals from which electrons shift to conduction band when excitation occurs. Conduction band and valence band are combined together in conductors. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band. Conduction band: It is a bunch of orbitals into which electrons shift from valence band when excitation occurs. Electrons present in conduction band are free to move which creates electric current . Band gap: Band gap is the difference in energy between conduction band and valence band. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.19CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The valence band, conduction band, and band gap in the given figure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Valence band:

Valence band is defined as valence electron orbital of an element. It is a bunch of orbitals from which electrons shift to conduction band when excitation occurs. Conduction band and valence band are combined together in conductors. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Conduction band:

It is a bunch of orbitals into which electrons shift from valence band when excitation occurs. Electrons present in conduction band are free to move which creates electric current.

Band gap:

Band gap is the difference in energy between conduction band and valence band. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The change in electron population when silicon dopes with gallium has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Valence band:

Valence band is defined as valence electron orbital of an element. It is a bunch of orbitals from which electrons shift to conduction band when excitation occurs. Conduction band and valence band are combined together in conductors. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Conduction band:

It is a bunch of orbitals into which electrons shift from valence band when excitation occurs. Electrons present in conduction band are free to move which creates electric current.

Band gap:

Band gap is the difference in energy between conduction band and valence band. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The change in electron population when silicon dopes with arsenic has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Valence band:

Valence band is defined as valence electron orbital of an element. It is a bunch of orbitals from which electrons shift to conduction band when excitation occurs. Conduction band and valence band are combined together in conductors. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Conduction band:

It is a bunch of orbitals into which electrons shift from valence band when excitation occurs. Electrons present in conduction band are free to move which creates electric current.

Band gap:

Band gap is the difference in energy between conduction band and valence band. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electrical conductivity of doped silicon and pure silicon has to be compared. Also the differences has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Valence band:

Valence band is defined as valence electron orbital of an element. It is a bunch of orbitals from which electrons shift to conduction band when excitation occurs. Conduction band and valence band are combined together in conductors. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Conduction band:

It is a bunch of orbitals into which electrons shift from valence band when excitation occurs. Electrons present in conduction band are free to move which creates electric current.

Band gap:

Band gap is the difference in energy between conduction band and valence band. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Effect of change in temperature:

Increase in temperature increases electrical conductivity of semiconductors because when temperature raises, there will be more electrons in conduction band and hole in valance band. On the other hand, electrical conductivity decreases when temperature increases due to increased vibrational motion of metal cation around lattice leads to disruption of flow of electrons in crystal.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.19CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The valence band, conduction band, and band gap in the given figure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Valence band:

Valence band is defined as valence electron orbital of an element. It is a bunch of orbitals from which electrons shift to conduction band when excitation occurs. Conduction band and valence band are combined together in conductors. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Conduction band:

It is a bunch of orbitals into which electrons shift from valence band when excitation occurs. Electrons present in conduction band are free to move which creates electric current.

Band gap:

Band gap is the difference in energy between conduction band and valence band. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The change in electron population when silicon dopes with gallium has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Valence band:

Valence band is defined as valence electron orbital of an element. It is a bunch of orbitals from which electrons shift to conduction band when excitation occurs. Conduction band and valence band are combined together in conductors. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Conduction band:

It is a bunch of orbitals into which electrons shift from valence band when excitation occurs. Electrons present in conduction band are free to move which creates electric current.

Band gap:

Band gap is the difference in energy between conduction band and valence band. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The change in electron population when silicon dopes with arsenic has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Valence band:

Valence band is defined as valence electron orbital of an element. It is a bunch of orbitals from which electrons shift to conduction band when excitation occurs. Conduction band and valence band are combined together in conductors. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Conduction band:

It is a bunch of orbitals into which electrons shift from valence band when excitation occurs. Electrons present in conduction band are free to move which creates electric current.

Band gap:

Band gap is the difference in energy between conduction band and valence band. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electrical conductivity of doped silicon and pure silicon has to be compared. Also the differences has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Valence band:

Valence band is defined as valence electron orbital of an element. It is a bunch of orbitals from which electrons shift to conduction band when excitation occurs. Conduction band and valence band are combined together in conductors. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Conduction band:

It is a bunch of orbitals into which electrons shift from valence band when excitation occurs. Electrons present in conduction band are free to move which creates electric current.

Band gap:

Band gap is the difference in energy between conduction band and valence band. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Effect of change in temperature:

Increase in temperature increases electrical conductivity of semiconductors because when temperature raises, there will be more electrons in conduction band and hole in valance band. On the other hand, electrical conductivity decreases when temperature increases due to increased vibrational motion of metal cation around lattice leads to disruption of flow of electrons in crystal.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.19CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The valence band, conduction band, and band gap in the given figure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Valence band:

Valence band is defined as valence electron orbital of an element. It is a bunch of orbitals from which electrons shift to conduction band when excitation occurs. Conduction band and valence band are combined together in conductors. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Conduction band:

It is a bunch of orbitals into which electrons shift from valence band when excitation occurs. Electrons present in conduction band are free to move which creates electric current.

Band gap:

Band gap is the difference in energy between conduction band and valence band. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The change in electron population when silicon dopes with gallium has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Valence band:

Valence band is defined as valence electron orbital of an element. It is a bunch of orbitals from which electrons shift to conduction band when excitation occurs. Conduction band and valence band are combined together in conductors. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Conduction band:

It is a bunch of orbitals into which electrons shift from valence band when excitation occurs. Electrons present in conduction band are free to move which creates electric current.

Band gap:

Band gap is the difference in energy between conduction band and valence band. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The change in electron population when silicon dopes with arsenic has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Valence band:

Valence band is defined as valence electron orbital of an element. It is a bunch of orbitals from which electrons shift to conduction band when excitation occurs. Conduction band and valence band are combined together in conductors. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Conduction band:

It is a bunch of orbitals into which electrons shift from valence band when excitation occurs. Electrons present in conduction band are free to move which creates electric current.

Band gap:

Band gap is the difference in energy between conduction band and valence band. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electrical conductivity of doped silicon and pure silicon has to be compared. Also the differences has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Valence band:

Valence band is defined as valence electron orbital of an element. It is a bunch of orbitals from which electrons shift to conduction band when excitation occurs. Conduction band and valence band are combined together in conductors. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Conduction band:

It is a bunch of orbitals into which electrons shift from valence band when excitation occurs. Electrons present in conduction band are free to move which creates electric current.

Band gap:

Band gap is the difference in energy between conduction band and valence band. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Effect of change in temperature:

Increase in temperature increases electrical conductivity of semiconductors because when temperature raises, there will be more electrons in conduction band and hole in valance band. On the other hand, electrical conductivity decreases when temperature increases due to increased vibrational motion of metal cation around lattice leads to disruption of flow of electrons in crystal.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.19CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The valence band, conduction band, and band gap in the given figure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Valence band:

Valence band is defined as valence electron orbital of an element. It is a bunch of orbitals from which electrons shift to conduction band when excitation occurs. Conduction band and valence band are combined together in conductors. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Conduction band:

It is a bunch of orbitals into which electrons shift from valence band when excitation occurs. Electrons present in conduction band are free to move which creates electric current.

Band gap:

Band gap is the difference in energy between conduction band and valence band. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The change in electron population when silicon dopes with gallium has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Valence band:

Valence band is defined as valence electron orbital of an element. It is a bunch of orbitals from which electrons shift to conduction band when excitation occurs. Conduction band and valence band are combined together in conductors. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Conduction band:

It is a bunch of orbitals into which electrons shift from valence band when excitation occurs. Electrons present in conduction band are free to move which creates electric current.

Band gap:

Band gap is the difference in energy between conduction band and valence band. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The change in electron population when silicon dopes with arsenic has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Valence band:

Valence band is defined as valence electron orbital of an element. It is a bunch of orbitals from which electrons shift to conduction band when excitation occurs. Conduction band and valence band are combined together in conductors. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Conduction band:

It is a bunch of orbitals into which electrons shift from valence band when excitation occurs. Electrons present in conduction band are free to move which creates electric current.

Band gap:

Band gap is the difference in energy between conduction band and valence band. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electrical conductivity of doped silicon and pure silicon has to be compared. Also the differences has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Valence band:

Valence band is defined as valence electron orbital of an element. It is a bunch of orbitals from which electrons shift to conduction band when excitation occurs. Conduction band and valence band are combined together in conductors. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Conduction band:

It is a bunch of orbitals into which electrons shift from valence band when excitation occurs. Electrons present in conduction band are free to move which creates electric current.

Band gap:

Band gap is the difference in energy between conduction band and valence band. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Effect of change in temperature:

Increase in temperature increases electrical conductivity of semiconductors because when temperature raises, there will be more electrons in conduction band and hole in valance band. On the other hand, electrical conductivity decreases when temperature increases due to increased vibrational motion of metal cation around lattice leads to disruption of flow of electrons in crystal.

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Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 21.19CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The valence band, conduction band, and band gap in the given figure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Valence band:

Valence band is defined as valence electron orbital of an element. It is a bunch of orbitals from which electrons shift to conduction band when excitation occurs. Conduction band and valence band are combined together in conductors. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Conduction band:

It is a bunch of orbitals into which electrons shift from valence band when excitation occurs. Electrons present in conduction band are free to move which creates electric current.

Band gap:

Band gap is the difference in energy between conduction band and valence band. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The change in electron population when silicon dopes with gallium has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Valence band:

Valence band is defined as valence electron orbital of an element. It is a bunch of orbitals from which electrons shift to conduction band when excitation occurs. Conduction band and valence band are combined together in conductors. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Conduction band:

It is a bunch of orbitals into which electrons shift from valence band when excitation occurs. Electrons present in conduction band are free to move which creates electric current.

Band gap:

Band gap is the difference in energy between conduction band and valence band. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The change in electron population when silicon dopes with arsenic has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Valence band:

Valence band is defined as valence electron orbital of an element. It is a bunch of orbitals from which electrons shift to conduction band when excitation occurs. Conduction band and valence band are combined together in conductors. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Conduction band:

It is a bunch of orbitals into which electrons shift from valence band when excitation occurs. Electrons present in conduction band are free to move which creates electric current.

Band gap:

Band gap is the difference in energy between conduction band and valence band. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electrical conductivity of doped silicon and pure silicon has to be compared. Also the differences has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Valence band:

Valence band is defined as valence electron orbital of an element. It is a bunch of orbitals from which electrons shift to conduction band when excitation occurs. Conduction band and valence band are combined together in conductors. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Conduction band:

It is a bunch of orbitals into which electrons shift from valence band when excitation occurs. Electrons present in conduction band are free to move which creates electric current.

Band gap:

Band gap is the difference in energy between conduction band and valence band. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Effect of change in temperature:

Increase in temperature increases electrical conductivity of semiconductors because when temperature raises, there will be more electrons in conduction band and hole in valance band. On the other hand, electrical conductivity decreases when temperature increases due to increased vibrational motion of metal cation around lattice leads to disruption of flow of electrons in crystal.

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 21.19CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The valence band, conduction band, and band gap in the given figure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Valence band:

Valence band is defined as valence electron orbital of an element. It is a bunch of orbitals from which electrons shift to conduction band when excitation occurs. Conduction band and valence band are combined together in conductors. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Conduction band:

It is a bunch of orbitals into which electrons shift from valence band when excitation occurs. Electrons present in conduction band are free to move which creates electric current.

Band gap:

Band gap is the difference in energy between conduction band and valence band. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 21.19CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The valence band, conduction band, and band gap in the given figure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Valence band:

Valence band is defined as valence electron orbital of an element. It is a bunch of orbitals from which electrons shift to conduction band when excitation occurs. Conduction band and valence band are combined together in conductors. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Conduction band:

It is a bunch of orbitals into which electrons shift from valence band when excitation occurs. Electrons present in conduction band are free to move which creates electric current.

Band gap:

Band gap is the difference in energy between conduction band and valence band. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The change in electron population when silicon dopes with gallium has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Valence band:

Valence band is defined as valence electron orbital of an element. It is a bunch of orbitals from which electrons shift to conduction band when excitation occurs. Conduction band and valence band are combined together in conductors. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Conduction band:

It is a bunch of orbitals into which electrons shift from valence band when excitation occurs. Electrons present in conduction band are free to move which creates electric current.

Band gap:

Band gap is the difference in energy between conduction band and valence band. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The change in electron population when silicon dopes with gallium has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Valence band:

Valence band is defined as valence electron orbital of an element. It is a bunch of orbitals from which electrons shift to conduction band when excitation occurs. Conduction band and valence band are combined together in conductors. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Conduction band:

It is a bunch of orbitals into which electrons shift from valence band when excitation occurs. Electrons present in conduction band are free to move which creates electric current.

Band gap:

Band gap is the difference in energy between conduction band and valence band. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The change in electron population when silicon dopes with arsenic has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Valence band:

Valence band is defined as valence electron orbital of an element. It is a bunch of orbitals from which electrons shift to conduction band when excitation occurs. Conduction band and valence band are combined together in conductors. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Conduction band:

It is a bunch of orbitals into which electrons shift from valence band when excitation occurs. Electrons present in conduction band are free to move which creates electric current.

Band gap:

Band gap is the difference in energy between conduction band and valence band. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The change in electron population when silicon dopes with arsenic has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Valence band:

Valence band is defined as valence electron orbital of an element. It is a bunch of orbitals from which electrons shift to conduction band when excitation occurs. Conduction band and valence band are combined together in conductors. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Conduction band:

It is a bunch of orbitals into which electrons shift from valence band when excitation occurs. Electrons present in conduction band are free to move which creates electric current.

Band gap:

Band gap is the difference in energy between conduction band and valence band. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electrical conductivity of doped silicon and pure silicon has to be compared. Also the differences has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Valence band:

Valence band is defined as valence electron orbital of an element. It is a bunch of orbitals from which electrons shift to conduction band when excitation occurs. Conduction band and valence band are combined together in conductors. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Conduction band:

It is a bunch of orbitals into which electrons shift from valence band when excitation occurs. Electrons present in conduction band are free to move which creates electric current.

Band gap:

Band gap is the difference in energy between conduction band and valence band. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Effect of change in temperature:

Increase in temperature increases electrical conductivity of semiconductors because when temperature raises, there will be more electrons in conduction band and hole in valance band. On the other hand, electrical conductivity decreases when temperature increases due to increased vibrational motion of metal cation around lattice leads to disruption of flow of electrons in crystal.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electrical conductivity of doped silicon and pure silicon has to be compared. Also the differences has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Valence band:

Valence band is defined as valence electron orbital of an element. It is a bunch of orbitals from which electrons shift to conduction band when excitation occurs. Conduction band and valence band are combined together in conductors. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Conduction band:

It is a bunch of orbitals into which electrons shift from valence band when excitation occurs. Electrons present in conduction band are free to move which creates electric current.

Band gap:

Band gap is the difference in energy between conduction band and valence band. In semiconductors, there is a small band gap which separates conduction band and valence band.

Effect of change in temperature:

Increase in temperature increases electrical conductivity of semiconductors because when temperature raises, there will be more electrons in conduction band and hole in valance band. On the other hand, electrical conductivity decreases when temperature increases due to increased vibrational motion of metal cation around lattice leads to disruption of flow of electrons in crystal.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 21.1 - In view of the 3charge on the PO43 ion, explain...Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 21.2P Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 21.3P Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 21.4P Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 21.5CP Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 21.6P Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 21.7CP Ch. 21.6 - Prob. 21.8P Ch. 21.7 - Show that one unit cell of YBa2Cu3O7 (Figure...Ch. 21.8 - Prob. 21.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains the valence band, conduction band and band gap in the given figure.

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Chapter 21 Solutions