Chapter 21, Problem 21.119CHP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given material $\text{MgO}$ has to be classified as a metallic conductor or an n-type semiconductor or a p-type semiconductor and or an insulator.

Concept introduction:

Semiconductor: A material which can conduct electricity in range between a metal and an insulator is known as semiconductor.  Addition of small amount of impurities increases conductivity of semiconductor and the process is known as doping.  n-type and p-type are two types of doped semiconductors.

n-type: This is a  type of doped semiconductor in which many free electrons are present in conduction band.

p-type: This is a type of doped semiconductor in which holes are present in valance band.

Insulator: Insulators are one, in which electrons are filled in valence band with a vacant conduction band and they are parted away by band gap.

Conductor: Any material which can conduct electricity is known as conductor.  There will be no band gap in metallic conductor and electrons can easily travel.

Figure 1

h

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Semiconductor: A material which can conduct electricity in range between a metal and an insulator is known as semiconductor.  Addition of small amount of impurities increases conductivity of semiconductor and the process is known as doping.  n-type and p-type are two types of doped semiconductors.

n-type: This is a  type of doped semiconductor in which many free electrons are present in conduction band.

p-type: This is a type of doped semiconductor in which holes are present in valance band.

Insulator: Insulators are one, in which electrons are filled in valence band with a vacant conduction band and they are parted away by band gap.

Conductor: Any material which can conduct electricity is known as conductor.  There will be no band gap in metallic conductor and electrons can easily travel.

Figure 1

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given material white tin has to be classified as a metallic conductor or an n-type semiconductor or a p-type semiconductor and or an insulator.

Concept introduction:

Semiconductor: A material which can conduct electricity in range between a metal and an insulator is known as semiconductor.  Addition of small amount of impurities increases conductivity of semiconductor and the process is known as doping.  n-type and p-type are two types of doped semiconductors.

n-type: This is a  type of doped semiconductor in which many free electrons are present in conduction band.

p-type: This is a type of doped semiconductor in which holes are present in valance band.

Insulator: Insulators are one, in which electrons are filled in valence band with a vacant conduction band and they are parted away by band gap.

Conductor: Any material which can conduct electricity is known as conductor.  There will be no band gap in metallic conductor and electrons can easily travel.

Figure 1

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given material germanium doped with gallium has to be classified as a metallic conductor or an n-type semiconductor or a p-type semiconductor and or an insulator.

Concept introduction:

Semiconductor: A material which can conduct electricity in range between a metal and an insulator is known as semiconductor.  Addition of small amount of impurities increases conductivity of semiconductor and the process is known as doping.  n-type and p-type are two types of doped semiconductors.

n-type: This is a  type of doped semiconductor in which many free electrons are present in conduction band.

p-type: This is a type of doped semiconductor in which holes are present in valance band.

Insulator: Insulators are one, in which electrons are filled in valence band with a vacant conduction band and they are parted away by band gap.

Conductor: Any material which can conduct electricity is known as conductor.  There will be no band gap in metallic conductor and electrons can easily travel.

Figure 1

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given material stainless steel has to be classified as a metallic conductor or an n-type semiconductor or a p-type semiconductor and or an insulator.

Concept introduction:

Semiconductor: A material which can conduct electricity in range between a metal and an insulator is known as semiconductor.  Addition of small amount of impurities increases conductivity of semiconductor and the process is known as doping.  n-type and p-type are two types of doped semiconductors.

n-type: This is a  type of doped semiconductor in which many free electrons are present in conduction band.

p-type: This is a type of doped semiconductor in which holes are present in conduction band.

Insulator: Insulators are one, in which electrons are filled in valence band with a vacant conduction band and they are parted away by band gap.

Conductor: Any material which can conduct electricity is known as conductor.  There will be no band gap in metallic conductor and electrons can easily travel.

Figure 1