Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The amino sugar rings in the given structure has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Carbohydrates (sugars) are naturally-occurring polyhydroxy
Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates, having a hydrocarbon chain that carries alcohol
Amino sugars are carbohydrate derivatives in which an
(b)
Interpretation:
The unmodified sugar ring in the given structure has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Carbohydrates (sugars) are naturally-occurring polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones.
Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates, having a hydrocarbon chain that carries alcohol functional groups on all but one carbon. The remaining carbon may carry an aldehyde group (in the case of an aldose) or a ketone group (in the case of ketoses).
Amino sugars are carbohydrate derivatives in which an
(c)
Interpretation:
The non-sugar ring in the given structure has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Carbohydrates (sugars) are naturally-occurring polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones.
Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates, having a hydrocarbon chain that carries alcohol functional groups on all but one carbon. The remaining carbon may carry an aldehyde group (in the case of an aldose) or a ketone group (in the case of ketoses).
Amino sugars are carbohydrate derivatives in which an
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Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
- Imagine a trisaccharide that has D-Altrose, D-Gulose, and D-Ribose. D-Altrose is bonded to D-Gulose in an α(1→4) glycosidic bond and D-Ribose is bonded to D-Altrose in an α(1→6) glycosidic bond. Draw the imaginary trisaccharide using Haworth projection with the appropriate representation of each monosaccharide.arrow_forward1) Please list all glycosidic linkages between each monosaccharide units. For example, α(1→4)2) Please discuss whether these oligo/polysaccharides would be reducing or non-reducing sugar. Remember to state your reasoning in complete sentence.arrow_forwarddraw disaccharide as Haworth projection: (shown in image) -is this drawing a reducing sugar? Briefly explainarrow_forward
- Draw the structure of the disaccharide with a systematic name of: (1→6)-B-1) glucopyranosyl-B-D-fructofuranosidearrow_forwardTrehalose, also known as mycose, is a disaccharide found in certain mushrooms. It is composed of two a-D-glucose linked in a aa(1à1) glycosidic bond. Using Haworth projection, draw the structure of trehalose. Indicate whether it is reducing or non-reducing.arrow_forwardDraw the two possible Haworth structures (both alpha and beta anomers) for the following monosaccharides and give their corresponding systematic names. [Show the stepwise process] (a) D- Fructosearrow_forward
- Consider the following statements: (1) The term sugar is a general designation for both monosaccharides and disaccharides. (2) The "penultimate carbon" in a monosaccharide is used to determine D- or L-configuration. (3) Sucrose is a reducing sugar and lactose is a nonreducing sugar. O Two of the three statements are true. All three statements are true. O Only one of the statements is true. None of the statements are true.arrow_forwardAnswer the following questions regarding the trisaccharide composed of a glucose, mannose and galactose a) What is the configuration on the anomeric carbon for the each of the sugars b) Which sugar end(s) are reducing? c) What is the numbering on the linkage connecting the glucose to the mannose? d) What is the numbering on the linkage connecting the mannose to the galactose? OH CH,OH Galactose но. но, CH,OH но но. он Glucose но. он Mannosearrow_forwardAn octapeptide was hydrolyzed and the amino acids separated. Its amino acid composition was determined: Gly (1); Ala (2); Val (1); Lys (2); Met (1); Asp (1). After incubation with FDNB and hydrolysis, 2,4-dinitrophenylalanine was detected. NO2 H H N C COOH ON- CH, Treatment with cyanogen bromide, which cleaves at M, resulted in two fragments: a pentapeptide containing two K residues and a tripeptide containing V, G, and A. The residues are not listed in any particular order. After treatment with trypsin, which cleaves at R and K, there were three fragments: two dipeptides and MGAV. What is the sequence of the octapeptide? Use the one-letter abbreviations for the amino acids, and do not use dashes.arrow_forward
- Draw a Fischer projection of L-fucose and L-hexose. What are the similarities in their structure?arrow_forwardConsider each of the following disaccharides: a) Label the acetal and hemiacetal in each disaccharide. b) Number the carbons in each of their monosaccharide rings. c) Classify the glycosidic linkage as α or β and use numbers to designate its location. d) Draw the Fishcher projections of the monosaccharides formed when each of thedisaccharides is hydrolyzed? e) Draw the chair conformation of each monosaccharide, where applicable.arrow_forwardRaffinose is a trisaccharide and a minor constituent in sugar beets. (a) Is raffinose a reducing sugar?Explain. (b) What are the monosaccharides that compose raffinose ? (c) β - Galactosidase is an enzyme that will remove galactose residues from an oligosaccharide. What are the products of β - galactosidase treatment of raffinose ?arrow_forward
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