Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 20, Problem 8TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) is a DNA copy of mRNA synthesized from a single-stranded RNA template in a reaction catalyzed by the reverse transcriptase enzyme. The sequence of cDNA is complementary to its template RNA sequence.
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What is the function of the sigma subunit of prokaryotic RNA polymerase?
a. It directs the polymerase to bind a specific type of promoter sequence
b. It contains the polymerase active site.
c. It allows template-independent RNA synthesis
d. It signals the polymerase to terminate transcription at specific sites.
e. It contains the separate exonuclease site required for proofreading.
You are a research scientist working in genetic engineering. You create a piece of DNA that you want to express in a mouse cell, which is a eukaryote. This piece
of DNA (represented by the schematic in the figure) consists of a eukaryotic promoter, a prokaryotic gene lacking introns and exons and a eukaryotic terminator
sequence. Do you think that this piece of DNA would be successfully expressed if placed into a mouse cell containing all the machinery needed for gene
expression? Fully motivate your answer.
The AAUAAA
Eukaryotic
Start
Coding
Stop
terminator
promoter
codon
sequence
codon
sequence
You are a research scientist working in genetic engineering. You create a piece of DNA that you want to express in E. coli, a prokaryote. This piece of DNA consists of a bacterial promoter, a ribosome binding sequence (RBS), a eukaryotic gene and a terminator sequence. Do you think that this piece of DNA would be expressed if placed into an E. coli cell that contains all the machinery needed for gene expression?
Chapter 20 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 20 - In what ways would third-generation sequencing be...Ch. 20 - The following schematic diagram depicts an...Ch. 20 - Which of the following DNA sequences would most...Ch. 20 - a. When PCR is used to prepare a DNA fragment for...Ch. 20 - a. What are some of the benefits of determining...Ch. 20 - Prob. 6IQCh. 20 - What are some of the practical and ethical...Ch. 20 - Prob. 8IQCh. 20 - Prob. 1SYKCh. 20 - Fill in the table on the previous page on the...
Ch. 20 - Prob. 3SYKCh. 20 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 20 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 20 - Gel electrophoresis is a means of separating...Ch. 20 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 20 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 20 - The following segment of DNA has restriction sites...Ch. 20 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 20 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 20 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 20 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 20 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 20 - Which enzyme is used in the polymerase chain...Ch. 20 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 20 - STRs (short tandem repeats) are a valuable tool...Ch. 20 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 20 - Which of the following has the greatest potential...Ch. 20 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 20 - Petroleum-lysing bacteria are being engineered for...Ch. 20 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 20 - Prob. 20TYK
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- David Pribnow studied the base sequences of promoters in bacteria and bacterial viruses. He found two conserved regions in these promoters (the -10 box and the -35 box). These two regions of the promoter Select one: a. signal the initiation site b. bind the sigma subunit that is associated with RNA polymerase O c. attach the correct nucleotide triphosphate to the template DNA strand d. separate the two DNA strandsarrow_forwardA geneticist induces a mutation in eukaryote cells. The mutation results in an inability to form the poly(A) tail during processing of pre-mRNA. What does this mean for the mature mRNA and what will be the effect on these cells? Possible Answers: A. The mRNA will be spliced, but will not have a 5' cap. B. The mRNA will likely be degraded. C. The mRNA will not be cleaved. D. The mRNA will have too many Gs and Cs.arrow_forwardWhich of the following plays a major part in determining whether or not RNA polymerase will transcribe a parti sequence? Select all that apply. A. A ribosome is already bonded to the gene sequence B. A complete set of transcription factors bind to DNA associated with that gene C. The chromatin structure is loosened in the region of that gene D. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter of that gene ..arrow_forward
- Arrange the statements in their proper order by writing the corresponding letter (e.g. A) for each statement in the space provided below. A. The single-stranded RNA would complement the target RNA. B. Gene expression is inactivated once the mRNA is no longer accessible for translation. C. The risk-induced silencing complex which is composed of RNA and protein subunits is formed. D. Double-stranded, non-coding RNA is cleaved by Dicer. E. The mRNA can be cleaved or remain bound by the RISC. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.arrow_forwardThe original DNA base sequence is 5’-AGCGTTACCGT-3’; a mutation in the DNA strand results in the base sequence 5’-AGGCGTTACCGT-3’. What can you conclude about the mutation? A. It is a frameshift mutation. B. It is a silent mutation. C. It is a deleterious mutation. D. It may result in a single amino acid change in the protein being coded for by this base sequence.arrow_forwardWhy might a single base-pair mutation in eukaryotic mRNA be less serious than one in prokaryotic mRNA? a. If the mutation occurs in the 5' end of the start site, it will not affect the gene product. b. If the mutation occurs in the exon, it will not affect the gene product. c. If the mutation occurs in the splice site of a transcript with alternative splicing, only one gene product may affected. O d. If the mutation occurs in the intron or not in the splice site of a transcript with alternative splicing, it will nc affect the gene product. O e. If the mutation occurs in the 3' end of the start site, it will not affect the gene product. OLIE STIC N 1Aarrow_forward
- Transcription is initiated when: a. initiation factors assemble ribosomal subunits, mRNA, and initiator tRNA. b. RNA polymerase comes to a stop sequence. c. RNA polymerase binds to a region of DNA called the promoter. d. new nucleotides are added to an existing strand of nucleotides e. helicase unwinds the DNA templatearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is/are TRUE for transcription? A. RNA polymerase uses one strand of DNA, the antisense strand, for RNA synthesis. B. The first ribonucleotide binds to the Pribnow region. C. RNA polymerase moves from 5’ → 3’, while the RNA polymerization is from 3’ → 5’. D. All four ribonucleoside monophosphates are required.arrow_forwardImagine that mutations occurred in one of the inverted repeat sequences within the rho-independent terminator sequence of a bacterium. What would likely be the consequence of this mutation? Select one: a. Transcription may not be initiated at all. b. Transcription may end prematurely. c. Transcription may be delayed. d. The rho protein won't be able to bind and transcription may not be terminate. e. Transcription may not be terminated and result in much longer RNA.arrow_forward
- Which statement/s is/are TRUE about transcription?A. During transcription, DNA polymerase binds to RNA and separates the DNA strands.B. RNA polymerase uses one strand of DNA as a template to assemble nucleotides into a strand of RNA.C. RNA polymerase binds only to DNA promoters, which have specific base sequences.D. Promoters are signals in RNA that indicate to RNA polymerase where to begin transcription.E. Transcription occurs in the 3’ to 5’ direction with respect to the growing mRNA strand.arrow_forwardWhich of these statements is correct regarding the CRISPR/Cas9 system in eukaryotic cells? A.Single guide RNA (sgRNA) is used to target specific DNA sequences and activate Cas. B.Bacteriophages are used to inject viral genes into the cell to activated the Cas protein. C.CRISPR takes advantage of the cell’s DNA polymerase proof-reading activities for DNA replication errors D.The CRISPR-Cas system can only be used to alter genomes in prokaryotic cells. E. Cas cuts directly into palindromic restriction sites that it targets in the DNA.arrow_forwardWhich of these statements is correct regarding the CRISPR/Cas9 system in eukaryotic cells? a.Single guide RNA (sgRNA) is used to target specific DNA sequences and activate Cas. b.Bacteriophages are used to inject viral genes into the cell to activated the Cas protein. c.CRISPR takes advantage of the cell’s DNA polymerase proof-reading activities for DNA replication errors d.The CRISPR-Cas system can only be used to alter genomes in prokaryotic cells. e.Cas cuts directly into palindromic restriction sites that it targets in the DNA.arrow_forward
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