Concept explainers
To determine: The inheritance pattern of the mutation creating a null allele.
Introduction: The mutation is the change in the
To determine: The assumptions needed to answer the inheritance of the mutant allele.
Introduction: The genes are the sequence of nucleotides that are present on the chromosomes and encode for a specific protein that plays a crucial role in the functioning of the different processes in an organism. The gene is located at specific gene loci and can be structural or regulatory in nature.
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ACHIEVE:INTRO TO GENETIC ANALYSIS 1TERM
- a. How would you synthesize a pentaploid?b. How would you synthesize a triploid of genotypeA/a/a?c. You have just obtained a rare recessive mutation a*in a diploid plant, which Mendelian analysis tells you isA/a*. From this plant, how would you synthesize atetraploid (4n) of genotype A/A/a*/a*?d. How would you synthesize a tetraploid of genotypeA/a/a/a?arrow_forwardIn humans, the genetic disease cystic fibrosis is caused by a recessive allele (a). The normal (healthy) allele is dominant (A). What is the genotype of someone who has cystic fibrosis? What are the two different genotypes that a healthy person could have? If two people were both heterozygous for the cystic fibrosis gene, what fraction of their children would be likely to have this disease? Hint: Draw a Punnett square to figure it out.arrow_forwarda geneticist has obtained 2 true-breeding strains of mice, each homozygous for an independently discovered recessive mutation that prevents the formationof hair on the body. one mutant strain is called naked, and the other is hairless. to determine whether the 2 mutations are alleles, the geneticist crosses naked and hairless mice with each other. All the offspring lack hair on their bodies. A: are naked and hairless mutations 2 different alleles? yes or no B: what type of experiment is this calledarrow_forward
- Let's consider a paternally imprinted gene. A female skink inherited alleles that that confer: 1) a mutant violet tail-color in the egg and 2) a mutant violet tail-color allele in the sperm. A male skink mate inherited a wild-type blue allele from the sperm and a mutant violet allele from the egg. They have 500 offspring. a. What tail color phenotypes do the parent male and parent female skinks have? Briefly explain your reasoning. female = male = b. What fraction of the offspring do you expect to have each phenotype (blue and violet tail color)? Briefly explain your reasoning/show your work.arrow_forwardFor a particular gene, homozygous dominant AA and heterozygous Aa individuals produce green pigment, while homozygous recessive aa individuals produce yellow pigment. During the course of your research you discover the a1 allele that contains a class IlI transposon insertion. Allele A is dominant to a1. Which genotype is capable of producing a mixture of green and yellow pigment?arrow_forwardFamilial retinoblastoma, a rare autosomal dominant defect, arose in a large family that had no prior history of the disease. Consider the following pedigree (the darkly colored symbols represent affected individuals): a. Circle the individual(s) in which the mutation most likely occurred. b. Is the person who is the source of the mutation affected by retinoblastoma? Justify your answer. c. Assuming that the mutant allele is fully penetrant, what is the chance that an affected individual will have an affected child?arrow_forward
- A child with the genes for PKU (a recessive disorder that leads to brain damage because proteins aren't digested properly) is raised to adulthood under a strict low-protein diet that prevents the gene from being activated. He lives a normal life and eventually becomes a father. As a genetic counselor, explain whether the fact that his gene is inactive affects the probability his future children might inherit the PKU allele. Be complete. Explain the reasoning you used to reach your conclusion. Display keyboard shortcuts for Rich Content Editorarrow_forwardThe wild-type (normal) fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has straight wings and long bristles. Mutant strains have been isolated that have either curled wings or short bristles. The genes representing these two mutant traits are located on separate chromosomes. Carefully examine the data from the following five crosses shown below (running across both columns). (a) Identify each mutation as either dominant or recessive. In each case, indicate which crosses support your answer. (b) Assign gene symbols and, for each cross, determine the genotypes of the parents.arrow_forwardA recessive maternal effect mutant in zebrafish, called ichabod, results in embryos lacking heads that are non-viable. You have been instructed to identify females that are homozygous for the ichabod mutant allele. At your disposal are a tank of wild-type fish (males and females), a tank of male and female parental fish that are all heterozygous for the ichabod mutant allele (ichabodl+), and a tank of F1 fish derived from a cross between a heterozygous male and heterozygous female (ichabodl+). Which of the following would be a way to identify females that are homozygous mutant, i.e. ichabodlichabod? Select all answers that would work. Cross F1 females to F1 males and observe their offspring. Crosses that produce headless offspring came from a homozygous female. a. Cross F1 males to females from the parental tank and observe their offspring. 25% of these crosses should produce headless offspring. b. Cross F1 females to F1 males to make the F2 generation. Cross F2 females to F2 males and…arrow_forward
- The wild-type (normal) fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has straight wings and long bristles. Mutant strains have been isolated with either curled wings or short bristles. The genes representing these two mutant traits are located on separate chromosomes. Carefully examine the data from the five crosses below. (a) For each mutation, determine whether it is dominant or recessive. In each case, identify which crosses support your answer; and (b) define gene symbols and determine the genotypes of the parents for each cross. Cross 1. straight, short X straight, short 2. straight, long X straight, long 3. curled, long X straight, short 4. straight, short X straight, short 5. curled, short X straight, short straight wings, long bristles 30 120 40 40 20 Number of Progeny straight curled wings, wings, short long bristles bristles 90 10 0 40 120 60 40 40 0 20 curled wings, short bristles 30 0 40 0 60arrow_forwardYou are studying a gene that controls ossicone (horn) length in giraffes. The wild type long-ossicone allele (L) is dominant to the mutant short-ossicone (I) allele. However the L allele is only 60% penetrant. You cross a long-horn heterozygous giraffe to a short- horn giraffe. What phenotypic progeny classes do you expect and at what frequencies?arrow_forwardSuppose that you are studying the role of Protein B, which you believe plays a role in regulating PCD/Apoptosis in mice. You create two lines of mutant mice. One (bb) is homozygous for a loss-of-function allele of gene B. The other (Bb) is heterozygous, with one wild-type allele and one loss-of function allele. Initially you pay particular attention to two phenotypes of the resulting mice:(i) The morphology of their paws (see picture) (ii) The size of their brains & shape of their skulls. The bb mice have unusually large brains and unusual protrusions from their skulls. Based on these data, does it appear that Protein B, when present and active, favors or inhibits PCD/Apoptosis?Briefly explain your reasoning. The answer should address both the paw and brain/skull data.arrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning