Concept explainers
To determine: The abnormality about the arabidopsis mutants ap3 and ag.
Introduction: The Arabidopsis thaliana is a model organism used in molecular biology to determine the defense mechanisms of the plant-pathogen resistance. Arabidopsis has special receptors on the surfaces of their cell, which allows the detection of pathogens and develops a mechanism that inhibits the growth of the pathogen.

Explanation of Solution
There are various types of mutants present in the Arabidopsis thaliana. The plant belongs to the family of mustard and has various defects in their flower development and morphogenesis. There are five mutants two mutants are FI-40 and FI-48, which shows the conversion of the sepals to carpels. The mutation in the ag gene leads to the transformation of whorls of the flower. The petals of the Arabidopsis thaliana develop third whorl rather than the stamens. The apetala3 is required for the development of the petals and stamens, which the mutation leads to the development of sepals in place of petals and carpels are developed in the place of stamens.
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Chapter 2 Solutions
ACHIEVE:INTRO TO GENETIC ANALYSIS 1TERM
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