(a)
Interpretation:
The formula unit of
Concept Introduction:
To write formula unit from
Once the chemical formula is known, each metallic element is suitably accommodated by the non-metallic element. For instance, in magnesium chloride the formula unit is written as follows:
(b)
Interpretation:
The formula unit of aluminum sulfide has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(c)
Interpretation:
The formula unit of barium oxide has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
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CHEM PRINCIPLES LL W/ACHIEVE ONE-SEM
- Consider the formate ion, HCO2", which is the anion formed when formic acid loses an H* ion. The H and the two O atoms are bonded to the central C atom. (a) Draw the best Lewis structure(s) for this ion. (b) Are resonance structures needed to describe the structure? Explain briefly (c) Would you predict that the C-O bond lengths in the formate ion would be longer or shorter relative to those in CO2? Explain brieflyarrow_forwardIn addition to ammonia, nitrogen forms three other hy-drides: hydrazine (N₂H₄), diazene (N₂H₂), and tetrazene (N₄H₄).(a) Use Lewis structures to compare the strength, length, and or-der of nitrogen-nitrogen bonds in hydrazine, diazene, and N₂.(b) Tetrazene (atom sequence H₂NNNNH₂) decomposes above 0°C to hydrazine and nitrogen gas. Draw a Lewis structure fortetrazene, and calculate ΔH°ᵣₓₙ for this decomposition.arrow_forwardAn ionic compound of formula XY2 (X = cation with two positive charges, Y = anion with one negative charge) has the following mass composition: Mg 10.9%, Cl 31.8%, O57.3%. (a) What is the chemical formula and name of the compound? (b) Give the most probable Lewis structure for the ions contained in the compound.arrow_forward
- Write Lewis structures for the following: (c) C2F6 (contains a C¬C bond), (d) AsO3 3 -, (e) H2SO3 (H is bonded to O), (f) NH2Cl.. Arrange the bonds in each of the following sets in order of increasing polarity: (a) C¬F, O¬F, Be¬F; (b) O¬Cl, S¬Br, C¬P; (c) C¬S, B¬F, N¬O. What is the Lewis symbol for each of the following atoms or ions? (a) K, (b) As, (c) Sn2 + , (d) N3 Write electron configurations for the following ions and determine which have noble-gas configurations: (a) Cd2+, (b) P3-, (c) Zr4+arrow_forwardIn the vapor phase, BeCl2 exists as a discrete molecule. (a) Draw the Lewis structure of this molecule, using only single bonds. Does this Lewis structure satisfy the octet rule? (b) What other resonance structures are possible that satisfy the octet rule? (c) On the basis of the formal charges, which Lewis structure is expected to be dominant for BeCl2?arrow_forwardSome chemists believe that satisfaction of the octet rule should be the top criterion for choosing the dominant Lewis structure of a molecule or ion. Other chemists believe that achieving the best formal charges should be the top criterion. Consider the dihydrogen phosphate ion, HaPO, , in which the H atoms are bonded to O atoms. (a) What is the predicted dominant Lewis structure if satisfying the octet rule is the top eriterion? (b) What is the predicted dominant Lewis structure if achieving the best formal charges is the top criterion?arrow_forward
- (c) Draw the orbital diagrams and Lewis symbols to depict the formation of Na* and CI ions from the atoms. Give the formula of the compound formed. (d) The predicted bond length for HF is 109 pm (the sum of the covalent radii of H, 37 pm and F. 72 pm), however the actual bond length for HF is shorter (92 pm). It was observed that the difference between predicted and actual bond lengths becomes smalleor going down the halogen group from HF to HI Describe these observationsarrow_forwardIn which of the following compounds does hydrogen bear a partial negative charge: (a) CH4, (b) NH3, (c) H2O, (d) SiH4 or (e) H2S?arrow_forwardAn elemental analysis of a hydrocarbon, which contains only carbon and hydrogen, shows the mass%: element mass% carbon 92.26 hydrogen 7.743 (A) * Determine the empirical formula of the hydrocarbon. (B) The compound has a molar mass of 26.04 g/mol. Determine its molecular formula. (C, Draw the Lewis structure of the molecular compound. Count the total number of sigma bonds and pi bonds each, present in the molecule. (D, What is the hybridization of carbon in the molecule? Explain.arrow_forward
- Draw Lewis diagrams for the following ions. In the formula the symbol of the central atom is given first. (Hint:The valence octet may be expanded for the central atom.)(a) BrO4 - (b) PCl6 - (c) XeF6+arrow_forwardOrtho-Dichlorobenzene, C6H4Cl2, is obtained when two ofthe adjacent hydrogen atoms in benzene are replaced withCl atoms. A skeleton of the molecule is shown here. (a) Completea Lewis structure for the molecule using bonds andelectron pairs as needed. (b) Are there any resonance structuresfor the molecule? If so, sketch them. (c) Are the resonancestructures in (a) and (b) equivalent to one another asthey are in benzene?arrow_forwardOrtho-Dichlorobenzene, C6H4Cl2, is obtained when two ofthe adjacent hydrogen atoms in benzene are replaced withCl atoms. A skeleton of the molecule is shown here. (a) Completea Lewis structure for the molecule using bonds andelectron pairs as needed. (b) Are there any resonance structuresfor the molecule? If so, sketch them. (c) Are the resonancestructures in (a) and (b) equivalent to one another asthey are in benzene?arrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning