A 2.50 mole sample of an ideal gas, for which
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Thermodynamics, Statistical Thermodynamics, & Kinetics
- What is the sign of the standard Gibbs free-energy change at low temperatures and at high temperatures for the explosive decomposition of TNT? Use your knowledge of TNT and the chemical equation, particularly the phases, to answer this question. (Thermodynamic data for TNT are not in Appendix G.) 2C7H5N3O6(s) 3N2(g) + 5H2O() + 7C(s) + 7CO(g)arrow_forwardDetermine the standard Gibbs free energy change, rG, for the reactions of liquid methanol, of CO(g), and ofethyne, C2H2(g), with oxygen gas to form gaseous carbondioxide and (if hydrogen is present) liquid water at298 K. Use your calculations to decide which of thesesubstances are kinetically stable and which are thermodynamically stable: CH3OH(), CO(g), C2H9(g), CO2(g),H2O().arrow_forwardFrom data in Appendix J, estimate (a) the boiling point of titanium(IV) chloride. (b) the boiling point of carbon disulfide, CS2, which is a liquid at 25 C and 1 bar.arrow_forward
- For the reaction BaCO3(s) BaO(s) + CO2(g), rG = +219.7 kJ/mol-rxn. Using this value and other data available in Appendix L, calculate the value of fG for BaCO3(s).arrow_forwardWhich of the following quantities can be taken to be independent of temperature? independent of pressure? (a) H for a reaction (b) S for a reaction (c) G for a reaction (d) S for a substancearrow_forwardThe formation of aluminum oxide from its elements is highly exothermic. If 2.70 g Al metal is burned in pure O2 to give A12O3, calculate how much thermal energy is evolved in the process (at constant pressure).arrow_forward
- What are the two ways that a final chemical state of a system can be more probable than its initial state?arrow_forwardWhat is the sign of the standard Gibbs free-energy change at low temperatures and at high temperatures for the synthesis of ammonia? 3H2(g) + N2(g) 2NH3(g)arrow_forward2. In which of the following reactions is there a significant transfer of energy as work from the system to the surroundings? This occurs if there is a change in the number of moles of gases. C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g) CH4(g) + 2 O2(g) → CO2g) + 2 H2O(g) 2 C(s) + O2(g) → 2 CO(g) 2 Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2 MgO(s)arrow_forward
- Given the reactions (1) and (2) below, determine (a) A,H© and A,U® for reaction (3); (b) A,H© for both HI(g) and H2O(g) all at 298 K. (1) H2(g) + I2(s) →2 HI(g) A,He =+52.96 kJ mol (2) 2 H2(g) + O2(g) → 2 H2O(g) A,H☺= -483.64 kJ rnol (3) 4 HI(g) + O2(g) → 2 2(s) + 2 H2(g)arrow_forwardFive moles of monatomic ideal gas enter the abc cycle and during a complete cycle 600 J of heat is removed from the gas. Process ab is under constant pressure and process bc is increasing at constant volume takes place at pressure. The temperatures of points a and b are Ta= 3°C and Tb= 63°C. What is the work in the ca process?arrow_forwardAluminum metal reacts with hydrochloric acid to give aluminum chloride and hydrogen gas: 2 Al(s) + 6 HCl(aq) ⟶ 2 AlCl!(aq) + 3 H"(g) Considering the atmospheric pressure to be exactly 1 atm and ΔV as the volume of gas produced, calculate the work done when 50 g of aluminum reacts with an excess of hydrochloric acid at 20°C in an open beaker. State any necessary assumptions you’ve made in order to perform this calculationarrow_forward
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