Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 18, Problem 6TYK
DNA methylation of cytosine bases
- a. initiates the acetylation of histones.
- b. may be a mechanism of epigenetic inheritance when methylation patterns are repeated in daughter cells.
- c. increases the rate of transcription by loosening chromatin structure.
- d. increases the binding of inhibitors to distal control elements in an enhancer.
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Select all of the processes that could be involved in a transcriptional repressor leading to decreased gene expression.
a. chromatin remodelling complex responds to tail modification by removing nucleosomes .
b. transcription factor binding attracts acetyltransferase enzymes .
C. transcription factor binding attracts deacetylase enzymes .
D. chromatin remodelling complex responds to tail modification by shifting nucleosomes to a denser grouping. E. DNase cuts the exposed DNA to prevent transcription initiation
F. RNA polymerase is unable to recognize the promoter because of the dense chromatin configuration
Which of the following statements about methylation and acetylation is correct?
A. Genes that have hypermethylated (a lot of methylation) promoters are expressed at high levels.
B. Deacetylation of histones can lead to a heterochromatin state.
C. All nucleotides (CTAG) can be methylated.
D. Histones cannot be methylated.
Which of the following does NOT pertain to the myoblast-determining gene 1?*a. It is a master gene.b. It is a silencing gene.c. It produces a transactivating protein.d. It activates its own gene.
Gene silencing involves which type of histone modification?*
a. acetylation of histone 4
b. dimethylation of histone 3
c. trimethylation of histone 4
d. trimethylation of histone 3
Given the required environment, the totipotency of the nucleus can allow which of the following?*
a. a committed cell to undergo dedifferentiation
b. a committed cell to undergo terminal differentiation
c. a terminally differentiated cell to produce a complete organism
d. a terminally differentiated cell to produce specific types of tissues
An induced pluripotent cell is described by which of the following?*
a. It is a committed cell that undergoes redifferentiation.
b. It is a committed cell that undergoes dedifferentiation.
c. It is a terminally…
Chapter 18 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 18 - In the following diagram of the lac operon, an...Ch. 18 - a. Repressible enzymes usually function in _____...Ch. 18 - a. Give an example of highly methylated and...Ch. 18 - Label the components of the following diagram that...Ch. 18 - a. How is the process of alternate RNA splicing...Ch. 18 - a. Describe how miRNAs regulate gene expression....Ch. 18 - a. What is the difference between determination...Ch. 18 - What type of evidence established that Bicoid...Ch. 18 - a. List three genetic changes that can convert a...Ch. 18 - Complete the following concept map to help you...
Ch. 18 - Fill in the following table to help you organize...Ch. 18 - Prob. 3SYKCh. 18 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 18 - DNA methylation of cytosine bases a. initiates the...Ch. 18 - Which of the following is not true of enhancers?...Ch. 18 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 18 - A eukaryotic gene typically has all of the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 18 - Which of the following statements explains why a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 18 - What would be the fate of a Drosophila larva that...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 21TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 22TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 23TYKCh. 18 - Which of the following would most likely account...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the following is true of CpG islands? a. They are methylated near promoters of actively transcribed genes. b. They are unmethylated near promoters of actively transcribed genes. c. Acetylation of CpG islands leads to repression of transcription. d. CpG islands code for RNA molecules that activate transcription.arrow_forwardHow does reverse methylation affect gene expression? Select one: o a. The gene is turned off, but still expresses a protein product. b. The gene becomes transcriptionally silent. c. There is no effect on the gene. d. The gene is hyperactive resulting in a gain of function. e. The gene expresses the wrong protein. Clear my choice How do microRNAs regulate epigenetic mechanisms during development? Select one: o a. MicroRNAs function as gene repressors b. You only find microRNAS in epigenetic and cancer cells c. MicroRNAs function as gene activators d. MicroRNAS regulate methylation on the DNA sequences of embryos e. Researchers find that when microRNAs are present the effects of epigenetic modifications are 50% greater Clear my choicearrow_forwardTumor cells from a person with leukemia have been analyzed to determine which oncogene is involved in the transformation. After partial sequencing of the gene, the predicted gene product is identified as a tyrosine kinase. Which of the following proteins would most likely be encoded by an oncogene and exhibit tyrosine kinase activity? A. Nuclear transcriptional activator B. Epidermal growth factor C. Membrane-associated G protein D. Platelet-derived growth factor E. Growth factor receptorarrow_forward
- Cancer cells removed from a patient's tumor have increased gene expression of several hundred genes (including many cancer-causing genes). Scientists determine that the histones from the cancer cells have an overall/average lower affinity for DNA than histones from normal control cells. Which drug is most likely to help treat this patient's cancer? a. An inhibitor for HMT (histone methyltransferases) b. An inhibitor for HDM (histone demethylases) c. An inhibitor for HDACs (histone deacetylases) d. An inhibitor for HATs (histone acetyltransferase)arrow_forwardHow does chemical modification of the histones lead to changes in chromatin structure? Choose all that apply.A. They change the positions of the core histones indirectly.B. They change the positions of the core histones directly.C. They cause the histone N-terminal tails to become hyperextended.D. They act as binding sites for remodeling complexes.E. They change the affinity between the histone octamer and the DNA Please consider explaining both correct as well as incorrect optionsarrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a description of an epigenetic modification? A. regulatory patterns that persisis in the absence of the original signal B. stable alterations in gene expression without changes to the underlying DNA sequence C. the persistence of gene expression patterns through cell division D. an intrinsic signal that triggers cell differentiationarrow_forward
- How is the expression of genes controlled at the chromosomal level? A. DNA can synthesize extra histones as needed B. DNA can either be condensed into heterochromatin or decondensed into euchromatin C. DNA can be unwound into euchromatin to reduce the level of expression D. The expression of DNA can only be controlled at the transcriptional level E. DNA is spontaneously deleted from a chromosome if not neededarrow_forwardState true or false, giving a brief justification: a. An enhancer is a type of regulatory element. b. A core promoter is a type of regulatory element. c. Regulatory transcription factors bind to regulatory elements. d. Typically, an enhancer may cause the downregulation of transcription.arrow_forwardIn eukaryotes, chromatin remodeling plays an important role is gene regulation. This is because a. repositioning of the nucleosomes makes DNA accessible to transcription regulatory proteins b. the nucleosomes contain important regulatory regions c. chromatin remodeling activates gene expression d. chromatin remodeling represses gene expressionarrow_forward
- After the initial Actualization of the Cit+ phenotype, there was another alteration to the A-3 genome that resulted in increased growth (e.g. Refinement). What explained the increase in growth rate in response to Refinement? A. Increase number of transporters localized to the plasma membrane. B. Increased ability to metabolize glucose. C. Increased citric acid cycle activity. D. Altered promoter activity resulting in constitutive gene expression.arrow_forwardWhich ONE of the following is TRUE concerning the so‐called Philadelphia chromosome? Select one: A.It results in loss of BCR serine‐threonine kinase activity B.It leads to generation of a fusion protein with constitutively active tyrosine kinase activity C.It results from a t(8;21) translocation D.Overexpression of the ABL1 gene results from a translocation that brings a strong gene promoter close to the ABL1 genearrow_forward. Dosage compensation is necessary because a. some regions of the genome contain more genes than others.b. genes near heterochromatin tend to be silenced. c. enhancers can activate transcription whether they are upstream or downstream of a gene. d. genes on the X chromosome have twice as many copies in females as in malesarrow_forward
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