Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 18, Problem 20TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Oncogenes, also known as cancer-causing genes, were first identified in a virus. Oncogenes, by several mechanisms, lead to overproduction of proteins that are responsible for uncontrolled growth. Proto-oncogenes perform normal functions like cell division and cell growth, but they may undergo single or several mutations and become an oncogene.
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What is the difference between a proto-oncogene and an oncogene?
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oncogenes cause benign tumors (polyps), proto-oncogenes cause malignant tumors
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oncogenes transform cells to hyperproliferation, proto-oncogenes have a normal cellular role
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oncogenes have undergone post-translational modification, proto-oncogenes have not
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oncogenes have undergone intron splicing, proto-oncogenes have not
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Chapter 18 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 18 - In the following diagram of the lac operon, an...Ch. 18 - a. Repressible enzymes usually function in _____...Ch. 18 - a. Give an example of highly methylated and...Ch. 18 - Label the components of the following diagram that...Ch. 18 - a. How is the process of alternate RNA splicing...Ch. 18 - a. Describe how miRNAs regulate gene expression....Ch. 18 - a. What is the difference between determination...Ch. 18 - What type of evidence established that Bicoid...Ch. 18 - a. List three genetic changes that can convert a...Ch. 18 - Complete the following concept map to help you...
Ch. 18 - Fill in the following table to help you organize...Ch. 18 - Prob. 3SYKCh. 18 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 18 - DNA methylation of cytosine bases a. initiates the...Ch. 18 - Which of the following is not true of enhancers?...Ch. 18 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 18 - A eukaryotic gene typically has all of the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 18 - Which of the following statements explains why a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 18 - What would be the fate of a Drosophila larva that...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 21TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 22TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 23TYKCh. 18 - Which of the following would most likely account...
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- Match the gene on the left with the gene category on the right. ERBB2 E-cadherin BRCA1 Cdk4 A. oncogene B. proto-oncogene C. low expression in invasive cells D. tumor suppressor genearrow_forwardTumor cells from a person with leukemia have been analyzed to determine which oncogene is involved in the transformation. After partial sequencing of the gene, the predicted gene product is identified as a tyrosine kinase. Which of the following proteins would most likely be encoded by an oncogene and exhibit tyrosine kinase activity? A. Nuclear transcriptional activator B. Epidermal growth factor C. Membrane-associated G protein D. Platelet-derived growth factor E. Growth factor receptorarrow_forward________ are changes to the nucleotides in a segment of DNA that codes for a protein. a. Proto-oncogenes b. Tumor suppressor genes c. Gene mutations d. Negative regulatorsarrow_forward
- Which of the following is NOT a description of an epigenetic modification? A. regulatory patterns that persisis in the absence of the original signal B. stable alterations in gene expression without changes to the underlying DNA sequence C. the persistence of gene expression patterns through cell division D. an intrinsic signal that triggers cell differentiationarrow_forwardMutations in the ras gene family induce normal cells to proceed into the replication cycle. This converts the ras gene from a ________ gene to a ________ gene. a. proto-oncogene; oncogene b. oncogene; proto-oncogene c. mutant; oncogene d. tumor suppressor; proto-oncogenearrow_forwardX31b is an experimental compound that is taken up by rapidly dividing cells. Research has shown that X31b stimulates the methylation of DNA. Some cancer researchers are interested in testing X31b as a possible drug for treating prostate cancer. Offer a possible explanation for why X31b might be an effective anticancer drug.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is an example of a proto-oncogene? 1) cell cycle inhibitor 2) tumor suppressor 3) oncogene 4) repair enzyme 5) growth factor receptorarrow_forwardWhen the antigen-presenting cells binds to the T-cell, it will cause the T-cell to increase the amount of a protein called perforin, which is secreted to kill nearby cells. Which of these could INCREASE the amount of a functional perforin proteins produced? a. Increased methylation of DNA near the site of the gene b. Increased binding of a repressor, that decreases the binding affinity between TFIID and DNA c. Increased production of a small RNA that is complementary to perforin mRNA d. Increased O-linked glycoslyation of perforin proteins in the Golgiarrow_forwardWhich of the following classes of oncogenes would likely be druggable with a small molecule (select all that apply)? A. Nuclear hormone receptor B. RAS C. Serine/Threoine Kinase D. Transcription Factor E. Receptor Tyrosine Kinasearrow_forward
- The p53 gene was discovered in 1979, but it was not clear whether the gene functioned as an oncogene or a tumor-suppressor gene. Several years later, researchers showed that both p53 alleles are inactivated in some mouse cancers. This evidence suggests A. the p53 gene is an oncogene because inactivated alleles would produce mutated signal transduction proteins that would result in stimulating cell division. B. the p53 gene is an oncogene because the cell would overproduce transcription factors to compensate for the inactive alleles, resulting in increased cell division. C. the p53 gene is a tumor-suppressor gene because inactivated alleles indicate a loss of protein function which allowed the cancer to develop D. the p53 gene is a tumor-suppressor gene because the cell would produce too few transcription factors for gene activation, resulting in decreased cell division.arrow_forwardThe NFAT family is a ubiquitous family of transcription factors. a. Under resting conditions, where is NFAT localized in a cell? b. Under activated conditions, where is NFAT localized in a cell? c. How is it released from its resting condition and permitted to relocalize? d. Immunosuppressant drugs such as cyclosporin act via inhibition of the calcineurin phosphatase. If NFAT is ubiqitous, how do you think these drugs might act with so few side effects on other signaling processes within the body?arrow_forwardDefine the following terms: a. promoter b. consensus sequence c. operon d. chromatin-remodeling complex e. general transcription factorsarrow_forward
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