Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 18, Problem 16TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Pattern formation can simply be defined as “Setting up of body plan.” It is an important step in developmental process during which the orientation and structure of cells are spatially determined.
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Which of the following best describes the concept of cell differentiation during the development of a multicellular organism?
A. During development, all of the genes in the embryo's cells are expressed at first, but fewer and fewer are expressed as time proceeds.
B. During development, different sets of genes are deleted from different cell types so that at the end of development, each cell has only the genes it needs.
C. During development, different cells become specialized to have different phenotypes even though they all originated from the same cell.
..
How does gene activation lead to cell differentiation? Explain the correct answer and explain why the others are wrong.
A. Different genes are activated in different cells, causing each cell to have a unique funcation
B. The same genes are actives in every cell of your body, causing every cell to function the same
C. Certain cells only have parts of DNA that causes cell deferentiation
D. Unique genes are in different cells, causing each cell to have a unique function
In animal cells, cytokinesis is accomplished by a contractile ring containing actin. The related process in bacteria is
a. chromosome segregation, which also appears to use an actinlike protein.
b. septation via a ring of FtsZ protein, which is an actinlike protein.
c. cytokinesis, which requires formation of a cell plate via vesicular fusion.
d. septation via a ring of FtsZ protein, which is a tubulin-like protein.
Chapter 18 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 18 - In the following diagram of the lac operon, an...Ch. 18 - a. Repressible enzymes usually function in _____...Ch. 18 - a. Give an example of highly methylated and...Ch. 18 - Label the components of the following diagram that...Ch. 18 - a. How is the process of alternate RNA splicing...Ch. 18 - a. Describe how miRNAs regulate gene expression....Ch. 18 - a. What is the difference between determination...Ch. 18 - What type of evidence established that Bicoid...Ch. 18 - a. List three genetic changes that can convert a...Ch. 18 - Complete the following concept map to help you...
Ch. 18 - Fill in the following table to help you organize...Ch. 18 - Prob. 3SYKCh. 18 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 18 - DNA methylation of cytosine bases a. initiates the...Ch. 18 - Which of the following is not true of enhancers?...Ch. 18 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 18 - A eukaryotic gene typically has all of the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 18 - Which of the following statements explains why a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 18 - What would be the fate of a Drosophila larva that...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 21TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 22TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 23TYKCh. 18 - Which of the following would most likely account...
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- Why is it easier to manipulate embryonic stem cells to differentiate into various tissues than it is to manipulate a typical adult cell? a. As cells develop, signaling pathways can cause some genes to be turned off during development. b. Adult cells have different DNA content than do embryonic stem cells. c. Emybronic stem cells pose less of a threat for organ rejection as do an individual s own adult cells. d. It is no easier to manipulate emybronic stem cells to differentiate into various tissues than it is to manipulate a typical adult cell.arrow_forwardWhich of the following defines fate? A. process of which a potency of a cell becomes identical. B. sum of all structures a determined cell's descendants will form at later stage of development. C. A variety of structures that the descendants of a cells can potentially form. D. a shift in the cortical cytoplasm of a zygote E. none of the abovearrow_forwardIn multicellular organisms, nondividing cells stay in G0 phase. For the cell, why is it better to be held in G₁ rather than S, G₂ or M phase? A. G₁ cells are larger and more likely to perform the normal functions of the cell. B. G₁ cells have not replicated their DNA in preparation for division. C. G₁ cells are the only ones that do not have their chromatin in a highly condensed state. D. MPF is required to enter S phase, so the cell is committed to entering M phase if the cycle moves beyond G₁. How many does the chromosome number of the species A. Is equal to the diploid chromosome number. B. Refers to the chromosome number of the somatic cell. C. Is a constant number for the organisms of the species generation after generations. D. All of the above. Which statement about the daughter cells following mitosis and cytokinesis is correct? A. They are genetically different from each other and from the parent cell. B. They are genetically identical with each other and with the parent…arrow_forward
- The expression of homeotic genes leads to a. the establishment of body axes. b. the formation of segments in the embryo. c. the determination of structures within segments. d. cell differentiation.arrow_forwardCell differentiation occurs through _______________, whereas morphogenesis involves _______________. (a) pattern formation; cell determination (b) cell division; cell expansion (c) cell expansion; pattern formation (d) cell determination; cell division (e) cell determination; pattern formationarrow_forwardSignal transduction pathways are important mechanisms for cell-to-cell communication in multicellular organisms. How do the target cells typically respond when they receive signals from neighboring cells during very early stages of embryo development? A. The target cells move to one of the poles to establish the anterior-posterior body axis. B. The target cells undergo changes in gene expression, sending them down a specific developmental path. C. The target cells stop dividing so the neighboring cells have time to get to the same stage of development. D. The target cells activate a collection of miRNAs to accelerate transcription and cell division.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about the cell cycle is TRUE? a. The protein APC blocks cells from entering anaphase b. CDKs are degraded after each cell cycle phase by the addition of a ubiquitin chain to the proteins c. A kinase is a protein that adds a ubiquitin chain to other proteins Cyclin activity is necessary, but not always sufficient, for CDK activation d. Cyclin proteins must be degraded before Cdk proteins can be activatedarrow_forwardIn which type of human cell would you expect to find a Barr body? A.)A sperm cell B.)A somatic cell in an XY male C.)An ovum D.) A somatic cell in an XX femalearrow_forwardTwo cells from an animal’s heart are removed and studied. One cell has twice the amount of DNA as the other cell. Which statement is best explains why the second cell has twice the amount of DNA as the first? A The cell is in G1 and the extra DNA is needed now that the cell entering mitosis. B The cell is in G2 of interphase and now has all the DNA it needs function correctly. C The cell has just gone through S phase of interphase and will eventually divide in mitosis. D The cell is in G0 and no longer in a dividing state and has all the DNA needs to function correctly.arrow_forward
- During very early human development, humans typically have skin or webbing between the fingers until they are around six weeks old. However, as growth and development occur, the webbing is broken down and dissolved away, leav- ing the spacing between each finger on its hand. Which of the following best describes this process of controlled cell in the web- bing of the fingers that occurs during human development? There is normally little to no webbing between your fingers. A B C apoptosis necrosis atrophy D inflammationarrow_forwardIf M-phase-promoting factor is injected into a Xenopus primary oocyte, which of the following occurs? only one answer is correct from the following. a. S phase begins. b. Apoptosis is induced. c.The nuclear envelope breaks down. d. The oocyte arrests in G2. e. Mitosis is completed.arrow_forwardA cytoplasmic determinant can control development at the early stages of development because....? Group of answer choices a. it is a universal activator of all genes b. it is present evenly throughout the cytoplasm c. it is activated by cell division d. it is controlled by genes present in the cytoplasm e. it is laid down in the egg cell by the motherarrow_forward
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