Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 18, Problem 11TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The cell maintains the concentration of particular proteins by various degradation mechanisms. The degradation of proteins or proteolysis is a major process that helps to regulate various cell functions, such as removal of misfolded proteins, DNA repair, and helps in cell division.
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Each of the following statements about protein synthesis is false.Correct each to make a true statement. a. In a gene, each nucleotide specifies one amino acid in a protein sequence. b. A transcription factor must bind to the promoter region of a gene before the enzyme DNA synthetase is able to bind and begin transcription. c. The enzyme RNA polymerase builds a strand of transfer RNA, whose codons are complementary to DNA’s triplets. d. Proteins destined for secretion from the cell enter the nucleus after translation, to be folded and modified. e. During translation, amino acids are delivered by the messenger RNA transcrip
For each of the following, identify the type of RNA involved (mRNA, rRNA, or tRNA). a. Transports the correct amino acid to the ribosome, using the information encoded in the mRNA. b. Is a major component of ribosomes. c. Specifies the order of amino acids in a protein, using a series of three-base codons, where different amino acids are specified by particular codons. d. Contains a three-base anticodon that pairs with a complementary codon revealed in the mRNA. e. Assists in making the bonds that link amino acids together to make a protein.
Which of the following is true of ribosome rescue? (C & E wrong)
A. The process produces a protein that is tagged for degradation.
B. Proteases enter the A-site of the ribosome to degrade the C-terminus of the synthesized peptide.
C. A partially translated mRNA becomes fully degraded before it can be translated further.
D. No protein is produced in the process.
E. Stalled ribosomes are released in the absence of a stop codon.
Chapter 18 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 18 - In the following diagram of the lac operon, an...Ch. 18 - a. Repressible enzymes usually function in _____...Ch. 18 - a. Give an example of highly methylated and...Ch. 18 - Label the components of the following diagram that...Ch. 18 - a. How is the process of alternate RNA splicing...Ch. 18 - a. Describe how miRNAs regulate gene expression....Ch. 18 - a. What is the difference between determination...Ch. 18 - What type of evidence established that Bicoid...Ch. 18 - a. List three genetic changes that can convert a...Ch. 18 - Complete the following concept map to help you...
Ch. 18 - Fill in the following table to help you organize...Ch. 18 - Prob. 3SYKCh. 18 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 18 - DNA methylation of cytosine bases a. initiates the...Ch. 18 - Which of the following is not true of enhancers?...Ch. 18 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 18 - A eukaryotic gene typically has all of the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 18 - Which of the following statements explains why a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 18 - What would be the fate of a Drosophila larva that...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 21TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 22TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 23TYKCh. 18 - Which of the following would most likely account...
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- Which of the following proteins would you expect to be translated by a ribosome associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum? A. A potassium channel that localizes to the plasma membrane B. Pyruvate kinase (a protein involved in glycolysis) C. A component of RNA polymerase II (a.k.a. RNA Polymerase 2) D. A component of DNA polymerasearrow_forwardOne of the following is CORRECT: a. By each cycle the polypeptide has grown by one residue and consumed four GTP b. Peptidyl transferase mediates the release of amino acids from the growing chain c. Elongation process involves the addition of amino acids to the carboxyl end of the growing polypeptide chain d. Ribosomal RNAs are translated into proteinsarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the spliceosome is false? a. A spliceosome splices pre-mRNA molecules. b. A spliceosome removes exons from RNA molecules. c. A spliceosome is composed of snRNPs. d. A spliceosome recognizes the exon-intron boundaries and the branch site.arrow_forward
- Translation occurs in the _, where the __ produce ___ from RNA. a. nucleus . . . ribosomes . . . proteins b. cytoplasm . . . chromosomes . . . proteins c. nucleus . . . genes . . . poteins d. cytoplasm . . . ribosomes . . . proteinsarrow_forwardWhich of the following is the function of transfer RNA? a.Makes up the structure of ribosomes b.Stores genetic information c.Carries the message that guides polypeptide assembly d.Delivers amino acids to ribosomesarrow_forwardPlease consider the figure below. a. Give the name of the process illustrated in the figure. b. If this is part of the elongation stage, explain what is going to happen next. Use the labels, A, B, C and/or D to answer the question. C. What terminus of the protein is represented by the amino acid represented by label D?arrow_forward
- Which of the following is FALSE about spliceosomes? a. In eukaryotic cells are present in the nucleus. b. Are about the size of a ribosomal subunit. c. In bacteria, are present in the cytoplasm. d. Contain RNA and protein.arrow_forwardWhich of the following BEST describes the characteristics and function of siRNA? A. a short strand of RNA that can complement and inactivate a sequence of mRNA B. a short strand of RNA that can act as a transcription factor to initiate transcription C. a strand of DNA that can bind to and inactivate an mRNA sequence D. a tRNA that is not able to attach to a ribosome and therefore inhibits the process of translationarrow_forwardThe anticodons are located in a.tRNA. b.rRNA. c.mRNA. d.ribosomes. e.endoplasmic reticulum.arrow_forward
- Researchers isolated a gene for a membrane protein and from that the amino acid sequence was determined. The researchers then were able to isolate the protein from the membrane. They then determined the molecular mass of the membrane protein and noticed that it was larger than the size predicated from the primary sequence determined from the gene. How can you explain this and how it happened in the cell?arrow_forwardThe CFTR membrane protein has an alpha helix that spans the membrane. The amino acid sequence of the central portion of this alpha helix, which is embedded within the membrane, is which one of the sequences below? Sequences are provided in the single letter code. a. VVVEVVVVEVVEEEVE b. VVVLVVVVLVVLLLVL c. VVVLVVVVREERRRER d. EEEREEEEREERRRERarrow_forwardPlease consider the figure below. a. Give the name of the process illustrated in the figure. b. If this is part of the elongation stage, explain what is going to happen next. Use the labels, A, B and/or C to answer the question. c. What type of enzyme is involved in the process described in (b)? d. What terminus of the protein is represented by label A?arrow_forward
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