Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 18, Problem 13TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The central dogma involves two processes to bring about gene expression, namely transcription, and translation in which deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) and mRNA is translated into proteins. The transcription process involves various mechanisms to enhance and increase the transcription of mRNA.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
What are two reasons that a eukaryotic gene (e.g. Green Fluorescent Protein in jellyfish) will not be expressed if it is inserted into a bacterial genome with no alterations?
a. Bacterial genes do not contain introns
b. Bacterial promoters have different consensus sequences than eukaryotic ones
c. Transcription of this gene is affected by the simultaneous processes of transcription and translation
d.
Which of the following is NOT a DIFFERENCE between prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene regulation?
A. prokaryotic mRNA is NOT capped by a 5’mG after transcription, but eukaryotic mRNA is so capped
B. eukaryotic mRNAs are monocistronic (encode single proteins), whereas prokaryotic mRNAs are polycistronic (encode multiple proteins)
C. prokaryotic mRNA is not modified by polyadenylation after transcription, but eukaryotic mRNA is so modified.
D. translation of eukaryotic mRNA into protein is not coupled to transcription of the mRNA from DNA, but in prokaryotes it is so coupled
E. prokaryotic translation and eukaryotic translation use different genetic codes to translate mRNA codons into amino acid sequences of proteins
What would the direct consequence to a cell be if there was a loss of function of Transcription Factor II D? (Only select processes in which TFIID has a role.) You may answer multiple answers.
a. Terminators at the end of the coding regions of genes would not be recognized.
b. In the cytoplasm, mRNA would not be protected from enzymes that degrade mRNA.
c. Primary RNA transcripts would not be accurately spliced.
d. Initiation of transcription would be absent or decreased.
mRNAs would be unable to exit the nucleus.
Chapter 18 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 18 - In the following diagram of the lac operon, an...Ch. 18 - a. Repressible enzymes usually function in _____...Ch. 18 - a. Give an example of highly methylated and...Ch. 18 - Label the components of the following diagram that...Ch. 18 - a. How is the process of alternate RNA splicing...Ch. 18 - a. Describe how miRNAs regulate gene expression....Ch. 18 - a. What is the difference between determination...Ch. 18 - What type of evidence established that Bicoid...Ch. 18 - a. List three genetic changes that can convert a...Ch. 18 - Complete the following concept map to help you...
Ch. 18 - Fill in the following table to help you organize...Ch. 18 - Prob. 3SYKCh. 18 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 18 - DNA methylation of cytosine bases a. initiates the...Ch. 18 - Which of the following is not true of enhancers?...Ch. 18 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 18 - A eukaryotic gene typically has all of the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 18 - Which of the following statements explains why a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 18 - What would be the fate of a Drosophila larva that...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 21TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 22TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 23TYKCh. 18 - Which of the following would most likely account...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- How does reverse methylation affect gene expression? Select one: o a. The gene is turned off, but still expresses a protein product. b. The gene becomes transcriptionally silent. c. There is no effect on the gene. d. The gene is hyperactive resulting in a gain of function. e. The gene expresses the wrong protein. Clear my choice How do microRNAs regulate epigenetic mechanisms during development? Select one: o a. MicroRNAs function as gene repressors b. You only find microRNAS in epigenetic and cancer cells c. MicroRNAs function as gene activators d. MicroRNAS regulate methylation on the DNA sequences of embryos e. Researchers find that when microRNAs are present the effects of epigenetic modifications are 50% greater Clear my choicearrow_forward19. In eukaryotic gene expression, non-coding RNAS such as miRNA (microRNA) have an important role in gene regulation. That role is to ... A) bind to target mRNA to prevent translation B) bind to target mRNA to prevent transcription C) block RNA polymerase from reaching the promoter D) increase levels of chromatin packingarrow_forwardIn eukaryotes, chromatin remodeling plays an important role is gene regulation. This is because a. repositioning of the nucleosomes makes DNA accessible to transcription regulatory proteins b. the nucleosomes contain important regulatory regions c. chromatin remodeling activates gene expression d. chromatin remodeling represses gene expressionarrow_forward
- If a mutation occurred in a control element sequence associated with a particular gene, which of the following would be a likely consequence of this? A. This mutation is not likely to affect the expression of the associated gene, because RNA polymerase does not bind to control elements. B. This will likely affect the expression of the associated gene because it will loosen the coiling of chromatin at this site. C. The expression of the associated gene will be affected because this change will result in a nonsense mutation. D. This mutation is not likely to affect the expression of the associated gene, since control elements are noncoding sequences. E. The associated gene's expression would likely be affected, since this mutation would change the ability of at least one transcription factor to bind.arrow_forwardMatch each of the following eukaryotic gene regulatory mechanisms or component to it's best description. v histone modification that causes chromatin to loosen A. enhancer increasing gene access B. acetyl group different mRNA transcripts are produced from the same starting DNA due to how exons and introns are interpreted C. methyl group v histone or DNA modification that causes chromatin to condense D. alternative RNA splicing decreasing gene access v eukaryotic control element where repressor or activator proteins can bind which can repress or promote transcriptionarrow_forwardSuppose that an investigative team conducted an RNA-Seq experiment on mouse liver cells. They found many sequences that contained no long stretches of consecutive triplet codons that could be translated into a protein. Such sequences are called open reading frames (ORFS) and suggest the presence of a gene. Which statement explains why the experiment detected long stretches with no ORFS? O The reaction solution did not include the correct primer for the gene sequence. The results suggest that the cells may be cancerous. Site-directed mutagenesis during cloning altered the ORF sequences. The RNA-Seq experiment detected noncoding RNA molecules.arrow_forward
- Select all of the processes that could be involved in a transcriptional repressor leading to decreased gene expression. a. chromatin remodelling complex responds to tail modification by removing nucleosomes . b. transcription factor binding attracts acetyltransferase enzymes . C. transcription factor binding attracts deacetylase enzymes . D. chromatin remodelling complex responds to tail modification by shifting nucleosomes to a denser grouping. E. DNase cuts the exposed DNA to prevent transcription initiation F. RNA polymerase is unable to recognize the promoter because of the dense chromatin configurationarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are true about eukaryotic mRNA?a. The sigma factor is essential for the correct initiationof transcription.b. Processing of the nascent mRNA may begin beforeits transcription is complete.c. Processing takes place in the cytoplasm.d. Termination is accomplished by the use of a hairpinloop or the use of the rho factor.e. Many RNAs can be transcribed simultaneously fromone DNA templatearrow_forwarda.) Draw a eukaryotic gene with four exons (include the location of the promoter, enhancer, start and stop codon, poly-A signal sequence, 5' UTR, and 3'UTR.). b.) Draw the primary transcript. c.) Draw all of the possible fully mature mRNAs that can be produced from this locus.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements correctly describes the structure of chromatin around the promoter of an active eukaryotic gene? O A. It is in the form of heterochromatin and the nucleosomes are tightly wrapped. O B. It is in the form of euchromatin and the nucleosomes are cleared from the region allowing for an open and accessible configuration OC.A repressor protein is bound to the chromatin blocking RNA polymerase. O D.Both B and C.arrow_forwardDefine the following terms: a. promoter b. consensus sequence c. operon d. chromatin-remodeling complex e. general transcription factorsarrow_forwardDescribe experimental evidence that would indicate that most or nearly all of the DNA sequences in a mammalian genome are transcribed.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
What is Genomics - Full Length; Author: Genome BC;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmgIClg0Y1k;License: Standard youtube license